@VolokhC Garrett, I'd be happy to send you all sorts of scientific citations from my forthcoming chapter on the issue, but I'm not convinced you would understand them, or if you did, whether you'd be willing to understand them.

@Profepps @VolokhC Ah, what the hell, just in case someone out there wants to do some actual research instead of being obnoxious and snarky.
@Profepps @VolokhC Javier Perez-Rodriguez & Alejandro de la Fuente, Now is the Time for a Postracial Medicine: Biomedical Research, The National Institutes of Health, and the Perpetuation of Scientific Racism, 17 Am. J. Bioethics 36, 41 (2017).
@Profepps @VolokhC Norman G. Osborne & Martin Feit, The Use of Race in Medical Research, 267 J. Am. Med. Assoc. 275 (1992).
@Profepps @VolokhC Dorothy Roberts, Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-create Race in the Twenty-first Century 72 (2011).
@Profepps @VolokhC D.R. Williams, Race and Health: Basic Questions, Emerging Directions, 7 Annals of Epidemiology 32 (1997).
Janet K. Shim, et al., Race and Ancestry in the Age of Inclusion: Technique and Meaning in Post-Genomic Science, 55 J. Health Soc. Behav. 504 (2014).
@Profepps @VolokhC M Hunt & Mary S Megyesi, The Ambiguous Meaning of the Racial/Ethnic Categories Routinely Used in Human Genetics Research, 66 Soc. Sci. Med. 349 (2008).
@Profepps @VolokhC Dale E. Hammerschmidt, It’s as Simple as Black and White! Race and Ethnicity as Categorical Variables, 133 J. of Laboratory Clinical Med 10, 11 (1999)
@Profepps @VolokhC
@Profepps @VolokhC Rona Yager, et al., Comparing Genetic Ancestry and Self-Described Race in African Americans Born in the United States and in Africa, 17 Cancer Epidemiological Biomarkers 1329, 1334 (2008)
@Profepps @VolokhC Paul Hsu, et al., Racially Ambiguous Babies and Racial Narratives in the United States: A Growing Contradiction for Health Disparities Research, 94 Acad. Med. 1099 (2019).
@Profepps @VolokhC Frederick Zhang & Joseph Finkelstein, Inconsistency in Race and Ethnic Classification In Pharmacogenetics Studies and Its Potential Clinical Implications, 12 Pharmacogenomics Perspectives in Medicine 107 (2019).

More from Science

JUST ONE PERSON—UK 🇬🇧 scientists think one immunocompromised person who cleared virus slowly & only partially wiped out an infection, leaving behind genetically-hardier viruses that rebound & learn how to survive better. That’s likely how #B117 started. 🧵 https://t.co/bMMjM8Hiuz


2) The leading hypothesis is that the new variant evolved within just one person, chronically infected with the virus for so long it was able to evolve into a new, more infectious form.

same thing happened in Boston in another immunocompromised person that was sick for 155 days.

3) What happened in Boston with one 45 year old man who was highly infectious for 155 days straight before he died... is exactly what scientists think happened in Kent, England that gave rise to #B117.


4) Doctors were shocked to find virus has evolved many different forms inside of this one immunocompromised man. 20 new mutations in one virus, akin to the #B117. This is possibly how #B1351 in South Africa 🇿🇦 and #P1 in Brazil 🇧🇷 also evolved.


5) “On its own, the appearance of a new variant in genomic databases doesn’t tell us much. “That’s just one genome amongst thousands every week. It wouldn’t necessarily stick out,” says Oliver Pybus, a professor of evolution and infectious disease at Oxford.

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