11 BIG IDEAS OF PHYSICS

via @BlasMoros of @LTCWRK

(Thread 👇)

1. Galilean Relativity

We can never fully grasp, define, or understand a system we are part of.

“Distance provides perspective” and wisdom in life is often about perspective.
2. The Laws of Thermodynamics

The study of the large-scale behavior of systems exchanging work and heat with connected systems or their environment.

- The Transitive Law

- The Law of Conservation

- The “Contrast Advantage” Law

- The “Absolute Zero” Law
3. Newton’s Laws of Motion

Describe how objects in the world move and react to forces.

- The Inertia Law: An object at rest, stays at rest

- Force = Mass * Acceleration (F = ma)

- The Law of Reciprocity: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
4. Complexity

A complex system exhibits emergent behavior due to the collective interaction of many individual agents according to simple rules.

Complex systems are sensitive to original conditions, influenced by feedback loops, and buffeted by random outside variables.
5. Chaos Theory

Chaos leads to complicated, non-periodic behavior from iteration of a simple rule(s), whereas complexity leads to rich, collective behavior from simple interactions between large numbers of subunits.

Complexity lies in between order and chaos.
6. Emergence

A process where higher-order behavior emerges from the interaction of lower-order components.

These smaller or simpler entities do not exhibit the properties that the higher-order entity ends up exhibiting.

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
7. Momentum

The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity: Momentum = Mass * Velocity

Momentum is broadly applicable outside of physics as it can help you understand how things change and how difficult or easy it is to change them.
8. Velocity

Velocity has magnitude and direction whereas speed does not.

While nobody knows why nature favors velocity over mass, she does, and we should harness it.

There's a stark difference between potential energy and kinetic energy.
9. Friction

Friction is the force that causes the resistance felt when two objects are moving against one another.

Inertia is a prime example of friction.
10. Equilibrium

Equilibrium is a state of balance between opposing forces, powers, or influences.

In dynamic equilibrium, you have a system that stays the same though it is always changing (inflows exactly equal outflows).
11. Hysteresis

Hysteresis is when the state of a system is dependent on its history – what happened previously influences what happens next.

It can also be thought of as delayed feedback, where a result lags behind that which causes it. Another word for this is springloading.

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Hugh Everett's birthday! Pioneer of the Many-Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics. Let us celebrate by thinking about ontological extravagance. I will do so by way of analogy, because I have found that everyone loves analogies and nobody ever willfully misconstrues them.


We look at the night sky and see photons arriving to us, emitted by distant stars. Let's contrast two different theories about how stars emit photons.

One theory says, we know how stars shine, and our equations predict that they emit photons roughly uniformly in all directions. Call this the "Many-Photons Interpretation" (MPI).

But! Others object. That is *so many photons*. Most of which we don't observe, and can't observe, since they're moving away at the speed of light. It's too ontologically extravagant to posit a huge number of unobservable things!

So they suggest a "Photon Collapse Interpretation." According to this theory, the photons emitted toward us actually exist. But photons that would be emitted in directions we will never observe simply collapse into utter non-existence.

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