The use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to study the impact of specific interventions, has over the last decade become a dominant methodology in development microeconomics

However, some argue that socioeconomic RCTs do not test hypothesis rooted in theory and ignore mechanisms of causality
For example,

"In 2006, approximately 1,300 men and women were tested for HIV. They were then offered financial incentives of random amounts ranging from zero to values worth approximately four month’s wages if they maintained their HIV status for approximately one year..."
"Throughout the year, respondents were asked about their sexual behavior three times, through interviewer-administered sexual diaries. Respondents were then tested for HIV, and financial incentives were awarded based on whether they had maintained their HIV status..."
"After the second round of testing, the incentives program stopped."

Taken from the article 'Conditional Cash Transfers and HIV/AIDSPrevention: Unconditionally Promising?'
After the study provided no significant effects on the cash transfer on reported sexual behavior, the researchers hypothesize that the monetary reward was too far in the future for the participants
And for a reduction in risky sexual behavior, the participants would need compensation in the present
The World Bank and others have looked to medical, particularly pharmaceutical, research as a model and as a means of seeming legitimate
But, the use of RCTs in development explicitly seeks to remove or downplay the importance of social, political, and cultural contexts

And humans are less controllable than bodily functions
The pursuit of causality comes at the expense of generalizability which is crucial to expanding programming into different contexts
Complex socioeconomic interventions combine multiple interacting components, which interact in a way that their sum is greater than the effects of the individual parts
Socioeconomic RCTs differ from medical RCTs because participants in the latter usually do not know how the treatment will affect them, whereas, in the former, interventions often require individuals to understand effects well enough to evaluate benefits
Double-blinding is common in medical RCTs but fairly impossible in socioeconomic RCTs
Complex interventions interact with socioeconomic and environmental conditions, organizational readiness, policy context, and target population
The socioeconomic RCTs can also create a treatment sample that differs from the general population that may skew results

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Trump is gonna let the Mueller investigation end all on it's own. It's obvious. All the hysteria of the past 2 weeks about his supposed impending firing of Mueller was a distraction. He was never going to fire Mueller and he's not going to


Mueller's officially end his investigation all on his own and he's gonna say he found no evidence of Trump campaign/Russian collusion during the 2016 election.

Democrats & DNC Media are going to LITERALLY have nothing coherent to say in response to that.

Mueller's team was 100% partisan.

That's why it's brilliant. NOBODY will be able to claim this team of partisan Democrats didn't go the EXTRA 20 MILES looking for ANY evidence they could find of Trump campaign/Russian collusion during the 2016 election

They looked high.

They looked low.

They looked underneath every rock, behind every tree, into every bush.

And they found...NOTHING.

Those saying Mueller will file obstruction charges against Trump: laughable.

What documents did Trump tell the Mueller team it couldn't have? What witnesses were withheld and never interviewed?

THERE WEREN'T ANY.

Mueller got full 100% cooperation as the record will show.
THE MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE AND HISTORY OF SWASTIK

The Swastik is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon. Swastik has been Sanatan Dharma’s symbol of auspiciousness – mangalya since time immemorial.


The name swastika comes from Sanskrit (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक, pronounced: swastik) &denotes “conducive to wellbeing or auspicious”.
The word Swastik has a definite etymological origin in Sanskrit. It is derived from the roots su – meaning “well or auspicious” & as meaning “being”.


"सु अस्ति येन तत स्वस्तिकं"
Swastik is de symbol through which everything auspicios occurs

Scholars believe word’s origin in Vedas,known as Swasti mantra;

"🕉स्वस्ति ना इन्द्रो वृधश्रवाहा
स्वस्ति ना पूषा विश्ववेदाहा
स्वस्तिनास्तरक्ष्यो अरिश्तनेमिही
स्वस्तिनो बृहस्पतिर्दधातु"


It translates to," O famed Indra, redeem us. O Pusha, the beholder of all knowledge, redeem us. Redeem us O Garudji, of limitless speed and O Bruhaspati, redeem us".

SWASTIK’s COSMIC ORIGIN

The Swastika represents the living creation in the whole Cosmos.


Hindu astronomers divide the ecliptic circle of cosmos in 27 divisions called
https://t.co/sLeuV1R2eQ this manner a cross forms in 4 directions in the celestial sky. At centre of this cross is Dhruva(Polestar). In a line from Dhruva, the stars known as Saptarishi can be observed.