EXPLANATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY !

What Is Dark Energy ?

More is unknown than is known. We know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the universe's expansion. Other than that, it is a complete mystery.

LESSER KNOWN PEOPLE OF INDIA - PART -2

#WomenDay2021 special

Posted in Bastar, Usha Kiran Is the First Woman Officer of the Elite Commando Force Cobra!

Don't forget to follow me @AKASHBH95801446

She Is The First Woman Officer From All Armed/Central Forces To Be Deployed In Counter Insurgency/Combat Operations.

She is the youngest female CRPF officer to be a part of Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (COBRA) and is currently serving the volatile region of Bastar

Usha is a third generation CRPF officer after her grandfather and father, so the passion for the forces naturally developed in her. “Getting into CoBRA was definitely my choice. I had this wish during my basic training at CRPF Academy Kadarpur Gurugram.

But it was an all male force at that time and no woman ever joined CoBRA,” she recalls, adding, “Soon after passing out of the Academy, I first decided to work in Chhattisgarh, and was fortunate enough to get a chance to serve in the Bastar region. During my year there,

I gained knowledge and confidence about CRPF’s counter insurgency operations and also got to practically know about the functioning of CoBRA. That’s when I decided to join the elite commando force,” says the former national athlete, who represented Delhi in triple jump.

Story of Metro Man E. Sreedharan

There are some builders who need to get everything right in the first go. They cannot fail for on them rests millions of hopes. They are the class of nation builders. One such great builder of modern India is the Metro Man E. Sreedharan.

After graduating from college, Sreedharan started preparing for Indian Railway Service Examination (IRSE) while supporting himself as a college lecturer.

With in a year results were out. Sreedharan had secured an all India IRES rank of 7th. Sreedharan rose quickly in Railways

to become the youngest divisional manager at the age of 26 years. G. P. Warrier, a stalwart in Railways, recognized the spark in Sreedharan and gave him early opportunities to work on Pampan Bridge and later on Calcutta metro project.

Pampan Bridge, an engineering marvel built by Britishers in 1914, connects the holy town of Rameshwaram to mainland India. The bridge suffered severe damages in the cyclone of 1964. Sreedharan was given an impossible task to make the bridge operational in 3 months. Cyclone had

washed all 126 girders. Sreedharan’s out of box thinking and his early tryst with Port Engineering came to his rescue. He fished all 126 girders from the sea using specially crafted cranes and skilled laborers finishing the repair project in record time.

Description of Crowning ceremony of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

The throne was designed by one Ramaji Datto Chitre of Kolhapur.

Shivaji's court at the time of his coronation has been described as

1. Shivaji arrived in the court (wearing gold toda around the suruwar around the legs, jewellery around the neck a kavda necklace-over the angarkhaa, kambarpatta,...)

2. He holded in his right hand weilding a golden bow and his left hand held a golden Vishnu idol

3. The ashta pradhans (Moropant Pingale held a gold kalash with perforations, Hambirao Mohite held a silver kalash, etc) flanked the throne.

4. On the right side stood Balaji Avji Chitnis and on the left side stood Nilopant Farasvis. Madari Mehtar (who was given the title Takht

Firosh, caretaker of the throne)

5. One sardar Vishwasrao Gaikwad held Bhavani the bejewelled sword of the king.

6. Gagabhat held the royal umbrella over the king.

7. The men around the throne weilded the royal sceptres-insignias (gold chavri, morchel ,gold spear with a weighing scale symbolising even justice and fair commerce, gold spear with fish head symbolising control over seas, gold spears with horse head symbolising a powerful

Pandit Rameshwar Nath Kao (Kashmiri Hindu)- The Czar of India's Counter Intelligence

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In modern times, a well organized intelligence net work is a must for any country for maintaining its internal security and for properly protecting it from foreign aggression.

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After the massive Chinese aggression in 1962, a need was felt to have an agency to gather foreign intelligence so that our nation should not be caught unawares in future about any such misadventure by our neighbouring countries.

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The man who gave a concrete shape to this idea with solid foundation was Pt. Rameshwar Nath Kao, popularly known as Ramji among his friends and colleagues.

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R.N. Kao started his career by joining the Imperial Police in 1940. Kao’s first assignment as the assistant superintendent of police was to provide VVIP security and he was direct incharge of the security ring of Jawahar Lal Nehru.

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Due to the failures of Sino-Indo war, This was the guy handpicked by Indira Gandhi to start R&AW (Research & Analysis Wing) in 1968. Kao spent nine years as the founder of RAW (1968–77).

1971 Indo-Pak War had two wings, intelligence and army.

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AN UNKNOWN PERSON WHO INITIATED decline of America's Tobacco industry

In the 1950s to 1970s, America's Tobacco/Smoking industry was doing outstanding business. While studies after studies were getting released to show that smoking causes lung cancer,

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but due to the vast advertising power of Tobacco companies, people were still not taking the dangers of smoking seriously. The tobacco lobby was proving to be too strong to get controlled by the govt.

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When everyone thought it was tough to fight, suddenly an unknown lawyer used an obscure legal clause in 1967 to end the massive advertising by the Tobacco companies in a single shot.

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And that obscure legal clause was the 'fairness doctrine of 1949', which states that any public broadcasting media would have to show both for and against points information on a controversial topic.

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So, American Public was liable to always get balance information from the media on a controversial topic.

Taking this clause, this unknown lawyer John Banzhaf filed a case in American courts that as Smoking is a controversial topic,

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1/ Today is #BlackHoleFriday, an annual science outreach event that, by complete coincidence I’m sure, is done on #BlackFriday. You’ll read lots of cool stuff about black holes on the hashtag. Here’s mine.

2/ Black holes are weird. Duh. People like to think of them as something like incredibly dense nuggets of stuff that sucks other stuff in. But they’re not like that.

3/ If you squeeze enough mass into a small enough volume, the gravity gets so intense that it’s impossible to escape them *if you get too close*. From far away, though, gravitationally they more or less act like anything with that much mass.

4/ So if the Sun turns into a black hole we wouldn’t get drawn in. In fact, we’d orbit it almost exactly the same way as we do now, though we’d freeze to death pretty rapidly, which, in the end, would still kinda suck.

5/ Black holes get weird *when you get close*. Anything with mass warps space — we feel that warp as gravity! — but black holes stretch space to its limit.

Let Uncle Ralph educate you
Synthetic Viral Genomics:
Risks and Benefits for Science and Society

"Alternatively, “No See’m” sites can be used to insert foreign genes into viral, eukaryotic, or microbial genome or vector, simultaneously removing all evidence of the restriction sites that were used in the recombinant DNA manipulation"

By orientating the restriction sites as “No See’m”, the sites are removed during reassembly, leaving only the desired mutation in the final DNA product.

The dual properties of strand specificity & a variable end overhang that can be tailored to match any sequence allow for Esp3I sites to be engineered as “universal connectors” that can be joined with any other four nucleotide restriction site overhangs (e.g. EcoRI, PstX1, BamH1)

Seamless assembly (also called No See’m Sites (85)) cascades have been used to assemble full length cDNAs of the coronaviruses mouse hepatitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, infectious bronchitis virus and SARS-CoV (Refs: 85,86,87)

Super excited to share my very first lead-author paper in @ScienceAdvances

Supported by @HIRN_CC @NIDDKgov @UFBME @UFWertheim @ufdiabetes @UMCoEDean
Lead by @Cherie_Stabler & @ashu83

link: https://t.co/FbqVWQ0n5p

This is a thread 👇

Highlights:
⚪️A Lab-on-a-Chip platform for organoids w/ wide capabilities: long-term culture | controlled & dynamic perifusion | in situ spatio-temporal imaging | serial cell assessment | ease of sample retrieval

⚪️Continuous fluidic flow increased local oxygen supply to islets in hydrogels & reduced cellular hypoxia
⚪️Flow increased cellular viability & reduced apoptosis & cell death

⚪️Human islets in hydrogels were highly functional during the 10 day in situ culture in our chips, while islet function was rapidly lost under static conditions
⚪️Glucolipotoxicity study showed a treatment window as small as 2.5 hours can elevate cell death

What are organoids? – A miniaturized version of an organ that imitate an aspect of human interface. They are commonly developed from stem cells in a lab. Human body also produces organoids naturally particularly within the pancreas.

Ct values can be used to estimate epidemic dynamics UPDATE! Ct values are expected to change depending on whether the epidemic is growing or declining, and we harness this to estimate the epidemic trajectory. Lots of cool new analyses and methods!

Highlights:
- Cts from symptom-based surveillance change over time, but the effect is weaker
- Methods to infer incidence using single cross-sections of Cts
- Unbiased by changing testing coverage
- Gaussian process (wiggly line) model for incidence tracking using Ct values
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This work is *JOINTLY led* with @LeekShaffer and PI’d by @michaelmina_lab. Thank you also to the ever insightful @mlipsitch and to coauthors @SanjatKanjilal @gabriel_stacey and @nialljlennon. 3/12

Premise: times since infection depend on the epidemic trajectory. Distributions of randomly sampled viral loads proxy times since infection. With calibration, Ct values can estimate growth rate. We focus on qPCR in SARS-CoV-2, but the principle applies to any outbreak. 4/12

Result 1: viral loads are shifted higher (Cts lower) during epidemic growth and lower (Cts higher) during decline when individuals are sampled *based on the onset of symptoms*. We simulated linelist data under symptom-based surveillance and looked at TSI and Cts over time. 5/12