EXPLANATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY !

What Is Dark Energy ?

More is unknown than is known. We know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the universe's expansion. Other than that, it is a complete mystery.

HOW SUNDAY HOLIDAY STARTED IN INDIA

When India was under the British rule, the mill workers in India had to work hard for all seven days of a week. They didn’t get any holiday or any kind of leave to get rest.

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The British officials and workers would go to church every sunday and offer their prayers while there was no such tradition for the Indian mill workers.

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At the point of time, Narayan Meghaji Lokhande was the leader of the mill workers, he presented a proposal of a weekly holiday in front of the Britishers. He said, “After working hard for six days, the workers should get a day to serve their country and society.

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Sunday is the day of the Hindu deity ‘Khandoba’. Hence Sunday should be declared as a holiday”. But the British officials rejected his proposal.

Lokhande didn’t accept the defeat, he continued his struggle.

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After a 7-year long struggle, on 10th June 1890, British Government declared sunday as a holiday. What’s surprising is that Indian government never issued any orders regarding this holiday.

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AN UNKNOWN PERSON WHO INITIATED decline of America's Tobacco industry

In the 1950s to 1970s, America's Tobacco/Smoking industry was doing outstanding business. While studies after studies were getting released to show that smoking causes lung cancer,

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but due to the vast advertising power of Tobacco companies, people were still not taking the dangers of smoking seriously. The tobacco lobby was proving to be too strong to get controlled by the govt.

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When everyone thought it was tough to fight, suddenly an unknown lawyer used an obscure legal clause in 1967 to end the massive advertising by the Tobacco companies in a single shot.

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And that obscure legal clause was the 'fairness doctrine of 1949', which states that any public broadcasting media would have to show both for and against points information on a controversial topic.

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So, American Public was liable to always get balance information from the media on a controversial topic.

Taking this clause, this unknown lawyer John Banzhaf filed a case in American courts that as Smoking is a controversial topic,

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LESSER KNOWN PEOPLE OF INDIA

A boy was born in Pottipadu, a little-known village in Cuddapah district in Andhra Pradesh some 109 years ago. The village school taught only epics like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Bhagavatam. The teacher told the children how to lead a

righteous life. They were advised to get by heart the truths contained in our ancient works.

The boy, Nagi Reddi, later moved to Madras (now Chennai), where he attended a regular school for a few years. Before he could complete his studies, he was called upon to

join the family export business. As a youth, he was drawn to the country's fight for independence. He got involved in the Khadi movement. But his presence was required in Burma (now Myanmar) to look after the business. However, the business suffered huge losses during the

Second World War, and he had to start life afresh. He established a printing press which led to his publishing venture. He launched Andhra Jyothi, a socio-political magazine. This venture brought about his close association with Shri Chakrapani, a writer of repute.

Between the two of them they visualised a magazine that would entertain and educate the children of India speaking different language. It was a bold idea .And Chandamama was born a month before India became free.

DO U KNOW THE STORY BEHIND "Sunday ho ya Monday, Roz khao ande" ?

Back in the 1980s, poultry farmers were facing 2 major issues: Firstly, the demand for eggs in the predominantly vegetarian nation was very low.

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Secondly, there was a strong mafia of egg-dealers throughout the nation who decided procurement prices which were against farmers' interests. This way, the dealers & middlemen made huge profits, while the helpless & exploited farmers could consider themselves lucky

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if they could manage to recover their cost price.

That's when Dr BV Rao, who was inspired by Dr Kurien's (founder of AMUL) cooperative model for milk revolution, took up the mammoth task of motivating all the poultry farmers to unite & form egg cooperative model

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which could stand up against the high-handedness of the dealer-mafia. As the efforts culminated into a nation-wide movement, Dr BV Rao was finally able to establish the cooperative model in 1982 which could coordinate between farmer groups, and was aptly named

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"National Egg Coordination Committee (NECC)".

Thus, the problem of farmer exploitation was solved, but the next challenge was to increase egg consumption. In a bid to encourage more Indians to incorporate eggs in their diet,

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https://t.co/xvP6tVlIaE
Quite a surprise. Ferguson isn’t qualified to comment on such things. He lacks understanding of basic biological concepts, partly explaining why his predictions are often so extreme.

That said, I’ll take him as an ally. It’s clear we’re already at herd immunity. How can I be sure? London had a huge peak of excess deaths in spring. The timing of peak deaths showed clearly that the pandemic was self-limiting. Recall much debate about whether the interval...

...between lockdown & peak deaths was long enough for lockdown to have been the cause of reducing deaths? The answer was “no”. But it was close & I can understand people thinking “well, it’s close, so perhaps it was lockdown that did it?”, thereby establishing a foundational...

...myth favoured by those who genuinely believe lockdown saves lives (it clearly doesn’t).
I’ll get to London & here immunity. But those wavering about the evidence about lockdown in spring really will benefit from cogitating on this graph.

In blue are the 30 trusts with the earliest date of peak deaths in spring. In red, the 30 with the latest peak deaths. For me, this is proof that national lockdown, which began Mar 23, played no role whatsoever in turning the pandemic. You’ll see some areas had peak daily...

11 BIG IDEAS OF PHYSICS

via @BlasMoros of @LTCWRK

(Thread 👇)

1. Galilean Relativity

We can never fully grasp, define, or understand a system we are part of.

“Distance provides perspective” and wisdom in life is often about perspective.

2. The Laws of Thermodynamics

The study of the large-scale behavior of systems exchanging work and heat with connected systems or their environment.

- The Transitive Law

- The Law of Conservation

- The “Contrast Advantage” Law

- The “Absolute Zero” Law

3. Newton’s Laws of Motion

Describe how objects in the world move and react to forces.

- The Inertia Law: An object at rest, stays at rest

- Force = Mass * Acceleration (F = ma)

- The Law of Reciprocity: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

4. Complexity

A complex system exhibits emergent behavior due to the collective interaction of many individual agents according to simple rules.

Complex systems are sensitive to original conditions, influenced by feedback loops, and buffeted by random outside variables.

The calamoid palms 🌴 have over 500 species spread across the world, but their higher-level relationships were a bit of a mystery. Until now.

Out today in #MolecularPhylogeneticsAndEvolution:

A robust phylogenomic framework for the calamoid palms https://t.co/JiCbSUlheH

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First some background info, so that you know what we are talking about:

Calamoid palms look a bit like snakes 🐍 (don't they!?!), because their fruits are covered in overlapping scales. And with their often fierce spines, they are equally fearsome. 😱

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They are classified into 17 genera, 10 subtribes and 3 tribes. They have an amazing variety of growth forms, from stemless to climbing to tree habit. 🌱🌴

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But as I said, their relationships have been a bit of a mystery. Here's the varying relationships previous studies found over the last 20 years.

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We tackled this mystery with a phylogenomic approach: we sampled almost a thousand genes (a hundred times more than previous studies!) of 75 species representing all calamoid tribes, subtribes and genera.

The resulting data matrix is pretty massive...

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