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Excited we finally have a draft of this paper, which attempts to provide a 'unifying theory' of the long economic divergence between the Middle East & Western Europe

As we see it, there are 3 recent theories that hit on important aspects of the divergence...

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One set of theories focus on the legitimating power of Islam (Rubin, @prof_ahmetkuru, Platteau). This gave religious clerics greater power, which pulled political resources away form those encouraging economic development

But these theories leave some questions unanswered...
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Religious legitimacy is only effective if people
care what religious authorities dictate. Given the economic consequences, why do people remain religious, and thereby render religious legitimacy effective? Is religiosity a cause or a consequence of institutional arrangements?

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Another set of theories focus on the religious proscriptions of Islam, particular those associated with Islamic law (@timurkuran). These laws were appropriate for the setting they formed but had unforeseeable consequences and failed to change as economic circumstances changed

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There are unaddressed questions here, too

Muslim rulers must have understood that Islamic law carried proscriptions that hampered economic development. Why, then, did they continue to use Islamic institutions (like courts) that promoted inefficiencies?

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https://t.co/4URpPnni05 @scientificecon @jbhearn @wesfree @financialeyes @JoeBlob20 @GrubStreetJorno @wiki_ballot @Pathos14658352
The Road to 2021 Thread.

https://t.co/dSznB4Wg46
@scientificecon @jbhearn @wesfree @financialeyes @JoeBlob20 @GrubStreetJorno @wiki_ballot @Pathos14658352

https://t.co/GvExaHUoqS
@scientificecon @jbhearn @wesfree @financialeyes @JoeBlob20 @GrubStreetJorno @wiki_ballot @Pathos14658352

https://t.co/RS3RcYEgsH
@scientificecon @jbhearn @wesfree @financialeyes @JoeBlob20 @GrubStreetJorno @wiki_ballot @Pathos14658352

https://t.co/Z8vYbaC5Cu
@scientificecon @jbhearn @wesfree @financialeyes @JoeBlob20 @GrubStreetJorno @wiki_ballot @Pathos14658352
How might the Left overcome self-defeating infighting & endless strategy disputes and instead start building the type of solidarity necessary to win a radically better world?

Left Solidarity in a Hostile World 1/30

There is little disagreement on both the importance & urgency of the systemic changes we desperately need.

We are facing grim challenges on multiple fronts:

Capitalism’s systemic ecological destruction, injustices & alienation


Pervasive institutional racism systematically under-develops & under-nurtures communities of color. From systemic underfunding of schools to environmental racism, from economic injustice to the racist criminal ā€œjusticeā€ system.


Sexism, patriarchy, rape culture, toxic masculinity, homophobia, transphobia & gendered divisions of labor permeate every aspect of society. We are forced to contort our authentic selves into gendered boxes of what it means to be a ā€˜man’ or ā€˜woman.’


Imperialist wars of aggression, international economic warfare, ā€œfree-tradeā€ agreements that have little to do with trade & everything to do with subverting democratic oversight over environmental & labor laws and undermining civil & indigenous rights. 5/30
(1/50)

#Cardano ā€œUnderstanding Kamaliā€

#Cardano will be the underpinning of the emergence of Africa.

To grasp the full weight of the SOLUTIONS #Cardano can provide it is pertinent to read ā€œUnderstanding Africaā€ as I will draw directly from the PROBLEMS laid out.


(2/50)

Here is a link if you have not already read


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What I will attempt to do here, is to create an immersive world for you to be placed in to grasp the weight and size of problems from the ground level and then take a grass-roots approach at solving them using #Cardano and its technology.

(4/50)

As an investor and community member of #Cardano, this should be extremely important to you as you have a stake (pun intended) in this.

ā€œYou are paid in direct proportion to the difficulty of the problems you solveā€ - @elonmusk

(5/50)

In Africa, agribusiness, more than any other sector, has the potential to reduce poverty and drive economic growth. Agriculture accounts for nearly half of the continent’s gross domestic product and employs 60 percent of the labor force.