BC RELIGION
Saved by @Alex1Powell

There were five prominent dominions of the Kalinga Ganga family in initial days: Kalinganagara (Srikakulam), Svetaka Mandala (Ganjam), Giri Kalinga (Simhapur), Ambabadi Mandala (Gunupur, Rayagada) and Vartanni Mandala (Hinjilikatu, Ganjam).
Eastern Ganga Dynasty

 ThenTriKalinga defination was different.
In the he heartland of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty had3 parts of Kalinga namely, Daksina Kalinga (Pithapura), Madhya Kalinga (Yellamanchili Kalinga or Visakhapatnam), Uttara Kalinga (districts of Srikakulam, Ganjam, Gajapati and Rayagada).
During the rule of Vajrahasta V from 1038-1070 A.D the Gangas started playing a prominent role from the southern horizon of the already weakening later Somavanshi kingdom.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
He introduced the Anka year of calculation system for the regnal years of the kings and this continued as a standard norm for future kings of ancient Odisha.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
One of his predecessors had tried to unite the Ganga dominions in the Kalinga Dandapat area unsuccessfully. Vajrahasta V had not only united the Ganga domain but also had defeated the Somavanshis in his northern frontiers.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
He established firm diplomatic and military relations with the Kalachuris (enemies of the Somavanshi) by marrying a princess from their family. He was also married to a princess of Ceylonese royal descent.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Rajaraja Deva I expanded his succesor expanded the kigndom over the united Ganga dominions. He ascended the throne in 1070 A.D, the same as the year of ascension of the Chola Kulottunga I (later crowned as Chola emperor).
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
One of his Ganga Prasasti inscriptions clearly says that he fought the Chola king over the territories of Vengi in the south, which means he invaded the opponent to be certain. he was married to Chola princess Rajasundari.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Despite ruling for only eight years, Rajaraja I was able to defeat the Somavanshi ruler ‘Mahasivagupta’ Janmenjaya II at the time of its pinnacle of achievements taking into consideration the completion of architectural marvels like the Lingaraja Temple.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
The Southern portion of the Somavanshi territory became a Ganga domain. The Dirghasi temple inscription of Rajaraja I mentions his Brahmin commander in chief called Vanapati had assisted him in conquests.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
He succeeded in defeating all the enemies on multiple fronts like the Chola, Utkala (Somavanshis), Gidrisingi, Khemidi, Dakshina Koshala (Kalachuris) and Vengi (Eastern Chalukyas).
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Chodaganga Deva: he lost, his father Rajaraja Deva I at the age of five while his younger brother Parmardi was only three years. He was heir to the expanding Ganga dominion, which was directly in conflict with the Cholas and Somavanshis
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
The territory of Vengi became a fierce contest for the Gangas though ruled by the Cholas directly after defeating the Eastern Chalukiyas.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
The relations between Chola Dynasty and Esatern Ganga Dynasty were strong due to Marital and trade ties. However, during the rule of the third governor Vikramchoda Chola, hostilities began again.
The Tamil classic Kalingattuparani says that due to non-payment of tributes (in defiance to Chola authority) Kulotunga sent the Chola army who defeated the Ganga kingdom and returned to his master collecting lots of wealth.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Historical estimation says that Chodaganga was married to Chodadevi, a Chola princess as per Daksarama inscription. Virachoda the former governor of Vengi had married off his daughter to him and settled in Kalinga acting as a guardian to him.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Chodaganga was, invited by the Somavanshi Brahmin minister and general, Vasudeva Ratha to oust the incompetent Somavanshi king. According to folklores, Chodaganga Deva reached Bhubaneswar with his army and dressed as a performer at the Somavanshi court..
..in Jajpur, he sneaked into their defenses with some of his companions. The overthrowing of the Somavanshi rule was an internal coup, which reinstated Chodaganga as king.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Dagoba inscription says that he fought with the Pala king of Bengal, Ramapala with the help his rival Sena chief, Vijaya Sena and defeated him at Aramayinagar.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty.
After many other conquests and reclamations, Chodaganga Deva unified most of the ancient Kalingan geography except the western regions and an imperial era began. He was the undisputed ruler of a landmass stretching from the river Ganga to Godavari.
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Stone panel at a temple in Puri depicting Gangeswara Anantavarman Chodaganga Deba
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
Thread Source: https://t.co/TcoGs7SUBi
Eastern Ganga Dynasty

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Why are some things given more prioritisation for publication than others? Why are some aspects of the tradition more emphasised than others. There's no single cause behind it.

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It is true that the Hanbalis and Ash'aris had a very contentious and at times acrimonious relationship for much of their history. In later centuries, a sort of truce was reached. Al-Zabidi has said similar in his sharh of Ihya about the identification of 3 groups as Ahl al-Sunna

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I want to talk about the key textual elements you might find in an Islamic manuscript. I'll focus on this manuscript, roughly 18th century, of an Arabic history of the rulers of Egypt called Nuzhat al-nāẓirīn, by Marʻī al-Karmī (d. 1623/4).
Budeiry Library (Jerusalem) MS 593 -jm


These texts have many elements designed to help the reader understand what they're saying, and choices by the scribe who copied the manuscript often help as well. Let's see what's here. -jm

First, almost every Islamic text begins with the invocation "in the name of God, the compassionate, the merciful." The wording is never changed, and it's always in Arabic, no matter what language the text is, although you might add phrases like "and we ask God for help." -jm


Christians were able to do more experimentation with their invocations, as you can see from the examples here. https://t.co/wEPWRitCWA -jm


After the invocation (basmalah), you might have what this text has, which is an introduction of the author in the form "the poor slave of God [so-and-so] said..." often followed by a quick prayer for the author. -jm
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Those who are well versed in our ancient scriptures must definitely have come across the name of Ashtavakra Muni. Who was he and what is the story behind his body getting crooked from all sides.

Muni Asit was the son of Pracheta Rishi.


He was childless and this caused a lot of worry to him. But an Akashvani assured him that he should go to Shivji to get all his
worries nullified.

So he along with his wife go to Shivji and after paying him obeisance start singing Shivji's praises.

He describes Shiv as the one who is beyond any other thing, whose glory has no words to describe. After this the couple stands with folded hands in front of Rudradev. The strotras sung in praise of Shiv possess magical qualities even today.

Shiv gets satisfied by them soon and is ready to grant a boon.

Shiva told him that, he very well knew what the Muni desired. He then gives him the "Sansaar Vijay' mantra and asks him to keep reciting it. The Isht devi would come at an appropriate time and fulfill his wish.

Asit Muni kept reciting this mantra for hundred years. The Devi appeared and granted him the boon of a son as a Shivansh. A son was born and was named as Deval. He grew upto be a great scholar well versed and a handsome young man. Asit Muni got him married to Ratnamalavati.
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Usually a commentary is called a sharḥ, and a supercommentary (i.e. a commentary on a commentary) is called a ḥāshiyah. Sometimes you get all the way up to a fourth- or fifth-level supercommentary. -jm


Sometimes it's hard to even tell what the "core text" is, because even a very famous text that's the core of many commentaries might present itself as an abridgement or comment on something even earlier. -jm


Commentaries might serve multiple purposes: to explain obscure grammar or vocabulary, to dig into particular legal cases, etc. Even to show why the core text is wrong. Eventually you get some Ottoman Turkish commentaries that translate Persian poems and then comment on them. -jm


Authors of commentaries often mark quotes from the core text by key words like "qawluhu" ("what he said") and manuscripts often emphasize this by writing these words in red or putting a line over the quoted text, so you can figure out who is talking. -jm
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I had written this thread in refutation to your false claims which you had made from your previous account and you had even quoted it from your old account and now you are lying that you didn't know about this thread?
Are you trying to say the Verse of Quran i had mentioned


in the thread is false? If that's your claim then say it clearly that all the verses of Quran and hadiths are false which talks about equality and your propaganda is the ultimate truth and hidden secret of Islam.
a) If you are trying to say that just being born in a Quraysh tribe

makes one superior than others then let me remind you that the first oppressors of the Prophet pbuh were Quraysh, the first battle of Muslims happened with Quraysh, the guy who was cursed by Allah in Quran was a Quraysh (ever read Quran?). And if you want to show that being from

the lineage of Prophets makes you superior than others then let me remind you that the son of Prophet Adam will be in hell (as informed to us by the narrations), the son of Prophet Noah will be in hell, the wife of Prophet Noah will be in hell, the wife of Prophet Lut will be in

hell. And if you are trying to say that only Quraysh had the right to rule and not others then let me remind you from history that the Messenger of Allah pbuh appointed leaders Abdullah bin Ruwaha, Zaid bin Haritha, and Usama bin Zaid, and all of them were not from Quraish.
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