BC SOCIETY
Saved by @Jacobtldr

How long should trans females be made to reduce their levels of circulating testosterone should prior to competing in the women competition?

 Gooren found that during the first 12 months muscle mass (area) was decreased by 9.4% & hemoglobin levels by 14% in 20 transwomen (M2F trans) treated with an estrogen-based regimen that reduced circulating T concentrations from the male range to the female range.
Conversely, in 17 transmen (F2M transgender) treated for the first time with testosterone for 12 months (which increased circulating testosterone levels to a mean of 31 nmol/L), muscle mass increased by 19.2% and hemoglobin by 15%.
https://t.co/MOZtfh5Raf
The muscle mass findings remained stable between 1 and 3 years after initiation of treatment, although fat mass continued to change between 1 & 3 years of T treatment. although with disproportionately greater effect on muscle strength than on muscle mass.
https://t.co/8rMfUi4brV
This study did not report muscle strength, but other studies of T dose-response relationships for muscle mass and strength show consistently positively correlation,

https://t.co/0SqyneBjPZ…

https://t.co/pgyggiNG2u

https://t.co/0SqyneBjPZ…

https://t.co/A5AVkkShDj
Hence, the muscle mass estimates in these prospective treatment initiation studies in trans individuals likely underestimate the muscle strength gains from...
Elevated T levels where the circulating T markedly exceeds female range to be within the male range as occurs in severe hyperandrogenism of DSD females, poorly controlled transwomen (M2F transgender),..
or transmen (F2M transgender). These effects are also the biological basis of the ergogenic efficacy of androgen doping in women.
In both intersex/DSD and trans individuals, the developmental effects of adult male circulating T concentrations will have established the sex difference in muscle, hemoglobin, & bone, some of which is fixed & irreversible (bone size)....
.& some of which is maintained by the male circulating testosterone concentrations (muscle, hemoglobin).
The limited available prospective evidence from initiation of trans cross-sex hormone treatment suggests that the advantageous increases in muscle & hemoglobin due to male circulating T concentrations....
...are induced or reversed during the first 12mths & the androgenic effects may plateau after time.
This time course is much faster than the somatic effects of male puberty, which evolve over years and for some variables (e.g., peak bone mass) are not complete for up to a decade after the start of puberty.
However, the abrupt hormonal changes induced by medical treatment in intersex/DSD or transgender individuals may be telescoped compared with male puberty where circulating testosterone concentrations increase irregularly and incompletely for some years.
Additional data are available from the unique investigative model of men undergoing castration for prostate cancer. Just as androgen sensitivity to testosterone may differ between tissues...
https://t.co/S2yyg9Xq8j
The time course of offset of androgen effects following withdrawal of male testosterone concentrations may also differ between the major androgen-responsive tissues.
For example, circulating hemoglobin shows a progressive fall for 6 months reaching a nadir and plateau at 12 to 16 months in six studies involving 534 men undergoing medical castration for prostate cancer.
https://t.co/Bcg0PuNNu3
Although these studies of older men with prostate cancer must be extrapolated with caution, age, stage of disease, race, & baseline circulating T concentration did not affect the rate or extent of decline in hemoglobin.
https://t.co/Bcg0PuNNu3

https://t.co/2bii5lMZYy
Comparable longitudinal studies of muscle loss, strength, and performance following castration for prostate cancer are well summarized,
https://t.co/olda0NryXA
Showing progressive loss for 24 months (see Fig. 4).
Further clinical studies to define the time course of changes, mainly offset, in testosterone-dependent effects, notably on muscle and hemoglobin, are badly needed to determine the optimal duration for cross-sex hormone effects in sports.

End
@threadreaderapp please unroll

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There is little understanding within Australian society of the requirement to and legitimacy of adopting special measures.


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Female athletes are still subjected to the equivalent of a sex test, based on whether they appear feminine.


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I jumped in my time-machine & landed in the middle of the 2035 World Athletics Championships in Paris.

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On inquiring, I learnt there had been a shake-up: the "men's" and "women's" classifications were no more; instead the classification system changed to one that was based on functional ability.
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Make them irrelevant > Hold a grudge

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Rig Ved 1.36.7

To do a Namaskaar or bow before someone means that you are humble or without pride and ego. This means that we politely bow before you since you are better than me. Pranipaat(प्राणीपात) also means the same that we respect you without any vanity.

1/9


Surrendering False pride is Namaskaar. Even in devotion or bhakti we say the same thing. We want to convey to Ishwar that we have nothing to offer but we leave all our pride and offer you ourselves without any pride in our body. You destroy all our evil karma.

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We bow before you so that you assimilate us and make us that capable. Destruction of our evils and surrender is Namaskaar. Therefore we pray same thing before and after any big rituals.

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तं घे॑मि॒त्था न॑म॒स्विन॒ उप॑ स्व॒राज॑मासते ।
होत्रा॑भिर॒ग्निं मनु॑षः॒ समिं॑धते तिति॒र्वांसो॒ अति॒ स्रिधः॑॥

Translation :

नमस्विनः - To bow.

स्वराजम् - Self illuminating.

तम् - His.

घ ईम् - Yours.

इत्था - This way.

उप - Upaasana.

आसते - To do.

स्त्रिधः - For enemies.

4/9

अति तितिर्वांसः - To defeat fast.

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होत्राभिः - In seven numbers.

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समिन्धते - Illuminated on all sides.

Explanation : Yajmans bow(do Namaskaar) before self illuminating Agnidev by making the offerings of Havi.

5/9
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If you're a college student who wants to pay off all your loans... here's an idea for you:

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**Plastic Moving Bin Rentals**

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ULTIMATE GUIDE TO 21 and 200 Moving Average
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1/n

Moving averages
EMA and SMA
1. Exponential Moving Average (EMA) is similar to Simple Moving Average (SMA), measuring trend direction over a period of time.
2. However, whereas SMA simply calculates an average of price data, EMA applies more weight to data that is more current
2/


21 EMA : SHORT TERM TREND
1. Calculates the Average Price of past 21 days
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3/n

3. A stock which moves 10-15% above 21 ema will be too extended and hence will generally pullback
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1. Whenever 21 ema is sloping upwards its called uptrend
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⏬Sell in downtrend
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