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Value Educator
@ValueEducator 3 years, 6 months ago 636 views

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Clinical Trial Process | A Thread🧵

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We have discussed the drug discovery process in a previous 🧵. In this 🧵 we will attempt to shed some light on the clinical trials process to enhance our understanding of the drug discovery process

Topics Covered :
1. What are clinical trials
2. Why are they conducted
3. Phase 0 Trials
4. Phase 1 Trials
5. Types of studies in Phase 1
6. Phase 2 Trials
7. Phase 3 Trials
8. Filing of NDA
9. Phase 4 Trials
10. Success rates

1. What are clinical trials ?
A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. Before doing a clinical trial, investigators conduct preclinical

research using human cell cultures or animal models. For example, they might test whether a new medication is toxic to a small sample of human cells in a laboratory.

2. Why are they conducted ?
Clinical trials are conducted to evaluate if a drug is safe for consumption by

human beings and if it is actually effective in curing or preventing a medical condition or disease. Keep in mind, this will be the first time that the drug will be tested on human beings.

3. Phase 0 trials
Phase 0 trials are also known as human micro-dosing study.

Value Educator
@ValueEducator

Initially we had planned 3 part series on Pharma Sector but now we are adding one more part and making it 4 part series.

Part 1 : Introduction to pharma industry
Link : https://t.co/XZvGKjxo0C

Part 2: Drug discovery process with CRAMS, CDMO, CMO, CSM

Link : https://t.co/MPQm0OXUbL

Part 3 : Generic Drugs (ANDA)
Coming this Saturday at 11 AM

Part 4: Bio-similars

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Value Educator
@ValueEducator

#Privy Speciality Chemical - Superior Business Model ?

A Detailed Thread 🧵🧵

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Price : ₹ 1986 🌹🥀

1. Privi started manufacturing in 1992 with only two products, now having more than 50 products manufacturing at Mahad and Gujrat facilities.

2. India's leading manufacturer, supplier and exporter of aroma and fragrance chemicals.

3. Privi has developed a backward integrated value chain and manufactures value-added products from the waste generated during the manufacturing process

Management

Industry Outlook
1. Aroma chemicals which form the building blocks of the F & F industry is a size of about USD 5.5bn. This multi-billion-dollar industry impacts daily life for consumers worldwide, often on multiple fronts: From the toothpaste we use, to the coffee, tea,

Value Educator
@ValueEducator

Thread on Drug Development process 🧵

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@unseenvalue

Topics Covered :
1.Introduction to CRO,CDMO,CMO & CRAMS
2.Discovery
3.Clinical Trials
4.Commercialization and Surveillance
5.Success Rates
6.CRO
7.CMO
8.CDMO
9.CRAMS

1. Introduction :
What are CROs, CDMOs, CMOs and CRAMS? How are they different from each other and what value do they add to the Pharma Value Chain? To understand these concepts, we took a look at the drug discovery process.

The APIs manufactured by our Indian players lie at the end of this value chain. There is a whole process that comes before it that takes a lot more time and costs a lot of money.

On average, it takes about 10 to 15 years for a drug to make it to market. It costs hundreds of millions, if not billions of dollars to bring one drug to market.

A drug goes through 3 big phases on it’s way to make it to market - the discovery phase, clinical testing phase and the commercialization phase. Once we understand these phases, it makes it easy to understand the role of CROs and CDMOs

Value Educator
@ValueEducator

Net Profit vs Cash Flow from operations (CFO) - What is more important?

A short thread with examples

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1. Net income is the profit a company has earned for a period, while cash flow from operations measures the cash going in and out during a company's day-to-day operations i.e., the cash which is generated through its core business.

2. Net income is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold, operating expenses, depreciation & amortization, interest expense and taxes from total revenue.

3. Cash flow from operations is calculated by adding the non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization to the net profit and then subtracting the changes in working capital.

Now lets understand few differences between Net Profit and Cash Flow from operations (CFO)

1. Net profit is recorded on an accrual basis whereas CFO deals with only cash items. Income earned is recorded in the net profit even if cash is not received

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$Tar \u26a1$

Tar ⚡
@itsTarH

120: It's just a power exchange
250: Electricity in India won't grow
300: It just makes 4paise per trade
350: MBED will erode it's profitablilty
500: Maybe what @itsTarH said about IEX = NSE + Zerodha was right
570: Buys IEX

#JourneyOfAPessimist

Zerodha + NSE = IEX \U0001f4a1\u26a1\ufe0f
— Tar \u26a1 (@itsTarH) June 20, 2021

Subi
@subi_sa

#IEX

IEX ACHIEVES 59% GROWTH YOY #BREAKING pic.twitter.com/cWZacwq48N
— Redbox India (@REDBOXINDIA) October 1, 2021

#IEX

● POWER MARKET SEES 8,997 MU VOLUME IN SEPT’21 ACHIEVING 59% YOY GROWTH
● Q2 FY’22 SEES 25,857 MU VOLUME ACROSS MARKET SEGMENTS WITH 57 % YOY
GROWTH
● IEX LAUNCHES VALUE ADDED SERVICES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATORS

$The_Chartist \U0001f4c8$

The_Chartist 📈...
@nison_steve

IEX:

CFO/PAT - outstanding
OPM, NPM - phenomenal
ROCE = too good.

Cash machine working out.

Nigel D'Souza
@Nigel__DSouza

Have explained “Indian Energy Exchange” tat is IEX 👇

Have explained the prospects , the valuation picture & also the risks up 👇

Do have a look 👀

#StockMarket #Nifty

Big Breaking
@BigBreakingNow

Invested in Indian Energy Exchange IEX ? Checkout this blog, all recent blocks in one place. Found useful ? Share with your investor friends &

If everyone was holding bitcoin on the old x86 in their parents basement, we would be finding a price bottom. The problem is the risk is all pooled at a few brokerages and a network of rotten exchanges with counter party risk that makes AIG circa 2008 look like a good credit.
— Greg Wester (@gwestr) November 25, 2018

The benign product is sovereign programmable money, which is historically a niche interest of folks with a relatively clustered set of beliefs about the state, the literary merit of Snow Crash, and the utility of gold to the modern economy.

This product has narrow appeal and, accordingly, is worth about as much as everything else on a 486 sitting in someone's basement is worth.

The other product is investment scams, which have approximately the best product market fit of anything produced by humans. In no age, in no country, in no city, at no level of sophistication do people consistently say "Actually I would prefer not to get money for nothing."

This product needs the exchanges like they need oxygen, because the value of it is directly tied to having payment rails to move real currency into the ecosystem and some jurisdictional and regulatory legerdemain to stay one step ahead of the banhammer.