BC HISTORY
Saved by @Mollyycolllinss

1) The Temple of the Divine Claudius was a vast temple complex on Rome's Caelian Hill, overlooking the valley that would later be occupied by the Colosseum. Though almost nothing now remains of the structure, its scale and grandeur once rivalled anything in the city.. #LostRome

 2) The 'Claudium' was intended as a sacred complex to revere Claudius and the imperial cult. Construction began soon after the death and deification of the emperor in 54 AD, initiated by his widow Agrippina who was likely responsible for his supposed death by poisoning. #LostRome
3) The sprawling temple complex sat on a gigantic podium that spread across the Caelian Hill, measuring 180 x 200 metres; with towering retaining walls of travertine that raised the structure 20 metres above the valley below. #LostRome
4) The elevated sacred area was likely entered by steps facing the temple on the west side. The temple itself had a projecting hexastyle porch and was surrounded by gardens and a grand portico, probably the 'porticus Claudia' mentioned in Martial's 'On the Spectacles'. #LostRome
5) Statues of both Agrippina and Claudius’ ill-fated young son Britannicus, sculpted in sumptuous dark Egyptian greywacke, were discovered among the ruins on the Caelian Hill in 1651 – and had almost certainly been displayed in the temple precinct. #LostRome
6) Upon Nero's murder of his mother Agrippina in 59 AD, the temple seems to have been partially demolished and after the Great Fire in 64 AD the massive structure was fully repurposed, incorporated into the grand designs of his Domus Aurea palace as a huge nymphaeum. #LostRome
7) The entire 200-metre eastern face of the podium was turned into a lavish nymphaeum, with water fed by a new branch of the Aqua Claudia cascading into four long basins, which then in turn fed the huge artificial lake (stagnum Neronis) at the heart of Nero's palace. #LostRome
8) After the fall of Nero, Vespasian set about reclaiming the urban centre of Rome for the people - most famously filling in Nero's lake for his new Flavian Amphitheatre. Vespasian had thrived under Claudius and they had even shared a consulship in 51 AD.. #LostRome
9) Vespasian therefore restored the Temple of Claudius and reinstated the cult of the Augustales in the complex, while keeping the nymphaeum built under Nero. For the rest of its history the temple overlooked the Colosseum from its prominent position on the Caelian. #LostRome
10) Considering the size and prominence of the complex, ancient references to the Claudium are surprisingly sparse, with few literary mentions and apparently no coin depictions; a few fragments of the Forma Urbis Romae have helped in reconstructing the general layout. #LostRome
11) By the 4th century the structures of the Claudium were already being scavenged for building materials, with column capitals taken for use in an early-Christian church built at the temple's south-west corner - later to become the Basilica of Saints John and Paul. #LostRome
12) It was here in 1099 that a bell tower was added to the basilica, using as foundations a surviving corner of the Claudium's travertine enclosure wall. This section of wall is still preserved in the base of the campanile today. #LostRome
13) Quarrying of the temple site for building materials continued through the centuries; in the mid 1400's a large amount of stone was taken from the Claudium by the future Pope Paul II to build his palazzo, today known as the Palazzo Venezia. #LostRome
14) The famed artist Piranesi etched these surviving travertine arches from the substructures of the Claudian temple around 1760, mistakenly identifying them as animal cages associated with the nearby Colosseum. #LostRome
15) The arches can still be seen today under the Passionist monastery on the Caelian Hill, one of the few visible remnants of the enormous ancient complex. Tunnels through the substructures of the Claudium have also recently been mapped by Italian authorities. #LostRome
16) A final view of this incredible ancient Roman building complex, constructed on a truly epic scale. The Temple of the Divine Claudius was once a key feature in the Roman skyline, proudly standing opposite the Colosseum - but today almost nothing remains. #LostRome
Image Credits: Digital reconstructions by "History in 3D", please see their Facebook page for many more wonderful visualisations. Other reconstructions by the Katatexilux Project https://t.co/Tk3A8tPWxY. View of the Domus Aurea by JR Casals @jr_casals. Thank you to all artists.
Explore the hashtag #LostRome for my previous threads on now-vanished architectural wonders of Ancient Rome. 🏛👍

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kurt lash
@kurtlash1
1/ The “I Have a Dream" speech is one of the most extraordinary speeches in American history. You should read it again. First, a few thoughts about the common American heritage Dr. King relied upon in calling Americans to rededicate themselves to the unfinished work of freedom.


2/ Dr. King delivered his speech in what he called the “hallowed spot” of the Lincoln memorial. More than a picturesque backdrop, King relied on America’s reverence for Lincoln and the common celebration of Lincoln’s words and acts, especially the Emancipation Proclamation.


3/ “Five score years ago…” King echoes the words of the Gettysburg Address. Like Lincoln, King invokes the Declaration of Independence and the fundamental principles of American freedom, “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” Every person in that crowd knew these words.


4/ The Declaration, Constitution and Emancipation Proclamation declared and established the fundamental American principles of freedom that all Americans knew and believed in. But these principles and promises remained unfulfilled for black Americans.


5/ Lincoln’s audience knew the history of slavery and many had suffered personal loss in the ongoing war. Dr. King’s audience knew the history of violent racism, segregation, and unequal economic opportunity. The Proclamation freed the slaves, “but the Negro still is not free.”
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ThreadArchive33
ThreadArchive33
@ThreadArchive33
Made by NickHintonn 2 apr. 2018

Here’s a thread about The Black Tom explosion: a terrorist attack on American soil and major event in US history. However, no one has heard of it and I believe it’s proof that our timeline may be changing.


On July 30th, 1916, in Jersey City, German agents destroyed American ammunition supplies by setting them on fire. The incident is famous for causing damage to the Statue of Liberty.


The fires caused the ammunition supplies to explode, lodging fragments in buildings miles away including the Statue of Liberty and the clock tower of The Jersey Journal, stopping the clock at 2:12 am.


The explosion caused windows to shatter as far as 25 miles away, including thousands in lower Manhattan. Some window panes in Times Square were shattered. Even stained glass windows in St. Patrick's Church were destroyed.


The explosion was so strong is registered as a 5.5 earthquake on the Richter scale. It could be felt as far away as Philadelphia. The explosion cracked the outer wall of Jersey City's City Hall and the Brooklyn Bridge was shaken. People as far away as Maryland were woken up.
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Patrick Wight
Patrick Wight
@PatrickWight1
A thread on Wallelign Mekonnen’s 1969 essay “On the Question of Nationalities in Ethiopia” - which catalyzed the student movement that overthrew Ethiopia’s Solomonic dynasty in 1974 (Wallelign was killed in 1972 while hijacking an Ethiopian airlines plane) https://t.co/Ol0ElagLJq


Wallelign wrote that, while some call the question of nationalities "tribalism" - it is in fact "nationalism." Ethiopia is not one nation, he wrote, “it is made up of a dozen nationalities with their own languages, ways of dressing, social organization and territorial entity.”


Culture is nothing more than the superstructure of an economic basis that presupposes subjugation of the peasantry and proletariat. To be a “genuine Ethiopian” one has to speak Amharic and adhere to their culture. One must “wear an Amhara mask”- to use Frantz Fanon's terminology.


A common refute to the Neftegna system, whereby Abyssinian elites took lands from southern peoples, was that there are Amhara and Tigray masses in poverty. Another centred on representational politics. In reality, the feudal system oppressed all, but some groups more than others.


While Abyssinians are not dominant because of inherent imperialist tendencies, this is no excuse to perpetuate this situation. The only way forward is a state where every nationality is given equal opportunity to preserve and develop its language, culture and self-administration.
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Dr. Peggy Blair
Dr. Peggy Blair
@peggy_blair
So I have a funny story about Governor General Jules Leger. I was working in the gardens on the grounds as a summer student in 1972 (might have been 1973, I can't quite remember, but it was the first year that women were hired as labourers by the NCC).1/

One of the things that we had to do was rake The pebble gravel on the paths and that was my task this particular day. I was out raking when I saw a Columbo type man dressed in a fedora and a crumpled raincoat approach me.2/

At that time the grounds were open to the public so it wasn't particularly surprising to have someone wander up and we chatted. I realized that he had recently had a stroke and that his English, while fluent, was a little slow. 3/

Anyway, we had a very nice chat and the next time I saw him in the garden, I showed him some baby rabbits that had a nest in the front rotundra. He thought they were pretty adorable.4/

I was able to pick one up for him to hold, but it was difficult for him because one of his hands was quite paralyzed. Anyway, he thought this was very lovely and our regular chats continued.4/
HISTORY
Anaglogs Daughter
Anaglogs Daughter
@AnaglogsDaughtr
In 1927, a young Spanish boy, aged 8, - who would become the 18th Duque de Alberquerque - sat in a cinema watching a newsreel of the Grand National.
In that moment, an impossible dream was born.
Born on the 15 December 1918, the boy - Beltran de Osorio y Diez de Rivera


- was so enchanted that he resolved one day win to the great race himself.
Aged 33, the Duke - having ridden in French steeplechases - made his Grand National debut in 1952, putting up ten pound overweight on his own eight-year-old Brown Jack lll (Pic), trained by Peter Cazalet.


The tall Spaniard fell at the sixth, sustaining cracked ribs and concussion

His second attempt came eleven years later aboard the Irish-bred Jonjo (named after its joint owners John O'Hagen and Joe Thompson).
Together the 44-year-old Duke and the 13-year-old Jonjo completed the


first circuit safely enough and were well up with the leaders when being unluckily brought down at the 21st.
In 1965 the Duke took a bad fall from Groomsman at Valentine's and was taken to Walton General Hospital with a broken leg

His ride in 1966 was on the doubtful stayer


L'Empereur who had to pulled up at the 26th

He was back again in 1973, pulling Nereo up at the Canal Turn. He finished 8th on the same horse the following year.

Yet another bad fall a week before the 1975 National resulted in yet another broken leg, ruling him out of the race,
HISTORY

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A thread on how absurd the UK is on transgender issues and how the UK got so transphobic

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The Sentinelese are often described as “uncontacted,” but this not strictly true. They had a very significant contact in 1880 with Commander Portman.

Portman, the black sheep third son of some minor noble, was assigned by the English Royal Navy to administer and pacify the Andaman Islands, a job he pursued from 1880-1900 with the full measure of his own perversity.


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See this thing that @lymanstoneky wrote:

And see this thing that I wrote:

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