BC HEALTH
Saved by @jay_millerjay

Okay, let's start this hypersomnia thread!

[note - I am not looking for unsolicited advice.]

Idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy (not the same, but similar) is very hard to describe to people.

When I say "I slept 10 hours last night and I'm still tired" I'm not bragging. 1/16

 For me, the accommodations I need are about time. My body doesn't care what I want to do - when I want to wake up or be asleep. My body wants to wake up at 10-11am, and go to sleep at 3am, always.

Just a one hour shift in my sleep schedule can screw me up for days. 2/16
When I tell people that I'd really "prefer it" if we could meet at 10am or later, it's because getting up before that has consequences for me. Big consequences. Most people won't see them. Sometimes I still give in and say it's fine. It ruins 2-3 of my days, sometimes more. 3/16
Let me explain. When I am required to wake up at 9am, esp. in covid times working from home, my body pays me back for it later.

I'm going to show you ways this happens. I can usually withstand 1 day of waking up early, with some consequences, but 2 days in a row kills me. 4/16
Let's say this graph represents Day 1, the first time I am required to get up early. The y-axis is my level of Sleepiness. Any symptom listed higher up includes that symptom + every other symptom below it. Getting up that early means I can't listen or concentrate all day. 5/16
Now there are 2 options for Day 2. Let's call this option Day 2A.

This is when I can sleep in until 11am because I do not have an event the next day. My body is not happy because of my switch in sleep cycles. It's not great, but it's not completely terrible. 6/16
Note that the "forces eyes open" and "sleep attack" tick marks really should be a lot higher than the other categories of sleepiness. Going into those categories is another level of horrible. It's like my brain is addicted to sleep in those moments. 7/16
And I can fight it all I want, but it's not up to me. My body just craves sleep. It doesn't matter if I don't want to fall asleep. And it's not going to be good sleep either, it's going to be hallucinations and half-sleep. 8/16
So here's what Day 2B looks like, when I have to have 2 days in a row that require me to wake up at 9am. This is what the 2nd day would look like for me. Significantly worse, sleep attack included. 9/16
When someone asks me "Hey there's really no good time to schedule this, can we go ahead and move it to [time before 10am]?" this is what I have to think about. And if I say "no" then I may be seen as rude or selfish. 10/16
Having a meeting or event before 10am for me, means giving up an entire day, possibly 2 or 3 days, of feeling okay and possibly being productive. I have a meeting this term that I can't move, and it means my entire weekend is essentially my body leveling out my sleep. 11/16
And sometimes this is why I end up working between 10pm and 2am, because I know I'll be awake, no matter what, for no particular reason. It doesn't matter when I go to bed or when I wake up, that's when I'll be most awake. 12/16
If I give in to that work pattern though, my sleep schedule gets worse and it makes it even harder to wake up in the morning. It means that even later meetings (10-11am meetings), or anything during the day, can be more of a struggle. It's a constant balancing act. 13/16
So when someone asks you to be flexible about meeting times, or to have meetings later (or earlier) due to their sleep issues, please just realize that for some of us, we don't control our attentiveness/sleepiness/sleep schedule in our lives. And it's a struggle. 14/16
So even if you don't want to, even if it's hard to schedule, please just remember what we're giving up when you say that you're too busy or that there's no other time. And I'm not saying it's possible to accommodate us 100% all the time. 15/16
But please just acknowledge that it's hard and that we often sacrifice a lot of ourselves to literally just -be there.- Please recognize that sometimes we are only going to be able to just be there, and that is absolutely enough.

If you can, please accommodate us. 16/16

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Why do B12 and folate deficiencies lead to HUGE red blood cells?

And, if the issue is DNA synthesis, why are red blood cells (which don't have DNA) the key cell line affected?

For answers, we'll have to go back a few billion years.


2/
RNA came first. Then, ~3-4 billion years ago, DNA emerged.

Among their differences:
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But why does DNA contains thymine (T) instead of uracil (U)?

https://t.co/XlxT6cLLXg


3/
🔑Cytosine (C) can undergo spontaneous deamination to uracil (U).

In the RNA world, this meant that U could appear intensionally or unintentionally. This is clearly problematic. How can you repair RNA when you can't tell if something is an error?

https://t.co/bIZGviHBUc


4/
DNA's use of T instead of U means that spontaneous C → U deamination can be corrected without worry that an intentional U is being removed.

DNA requires greater stability than RNA so the transition to a thymine-based structure was beneficial.

https://t.co/bIZGviHBUc


5/
Let's return to megaloblastic anemia secondary to B12 or folate deficiency.

When either is severely deficient deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP*) production is hindered. With less dTMP, DNA synthesis is abnormal.

[*Note: thymine is the base in dTMP]

https://t.co/AnDUtKkbZh
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Thread on how atheism leads to mental retardation (backed with medical citations🧵💉)

To start with, atheism is an unnatural self-contradicting doctrine.

Medical terminology proves that human beings are naturally pre-disposed to believe in God. Oxford scientists assert that people are "born believers".

https://t.co/kE0Fi588yn
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It should be known that atheism could never produce an intelligently-functioning society and neither ever will.

Contrastingly, Islam produced several intellectuals & polymaths, was on the forefront of scientific development, boasting 100% literacy


It is also scientifically proven that atheism led to lesser scientific curiosity and scientific frauds, which is also why atheists incline to pseudo-science.

Whereas, religion in general and Islam in particular boosted education.

https://t.co/19Onc84u3g


Atheists are also likely to affected by pervasive mental and developmental disorders like high-functioning autism.

Cognitive Scientists and renowned Neurologists found that more atheism is leads to greater autism.

https://t.co/zRjEyFoX3P
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Dylan Burnette
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Sarcomeres in cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells) are mechanically coupled to focal adhesions through dorsal stress fiber-like structures. #cardiotwitter #CellBiology
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A thread based on Figure 1

A mature adult cardiac myocyte is packed with sarcomeres, whose contractile forces are coupled to the extracellular environment. With sarcomeres so close to the plasma membrane, how can we study the nature of this coupling?
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Short answer: find a model system where the sarcomeres are not so close to what the cardiac myocyte is attached to. Enter, iPS cell-derived cardiac myocytes. These are “immature” in culture as they resemble fetal or neonatal cardiac myocytes.
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Our previous work on iPS cardiac myocytes reported that sarcomere containing myofibrils assembled on the top surface of the myocyte.
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