BC FINANCE
Saved by @Mollyycolllinss

An extensive yet super simple thread to understand the role of @RBI and how it uses 'Repo Rate' and 'Reverse Repo Rate' 👇🧵

You may bookmark this for further use.

#economy #RBI #financialliteracy

 1. Let us first understand the role of Reserve Bank of India in managing the Indian economy.
There are two major elements of the Indian economy.
👉The Businesses:
They are the producers of the goods and services. Any business would be happy if it is growing and the prices of the goods and services sold are ever rising. They would be more interested in ‘Economic growth’.
👉 The Households: These are the people who are consumers and they spend the money to buy the goods and services which are sold by the businesses. Any consumer would be happy if the prices of the goods and services are low. Hence, they would be interested in ‘Less Inflation’.
2. As the prices of goods and services rise, there will be economic growth in nominal sense but then there will also be inflation which is perceived as a problem in developing countries like India.
3. Hence, there has to be a proper balance between these two: ‘Economic growth’ and ‘Inflation’.
It is the job of Reserve Bank of India to do this.
4. Let us understand few more basic concepts before we dig in deeper.
A. More the demand of any commodity, the businessman will increase the price. Less the demand of any commodity, the businessman will decrease the price to attract the consumers.
B. RBI is the apex bank and it controls the money supply in the economy. It basically mints the money and controls all the commercial banks.
C. More the money supply in the economy would mean more money in the hands of the people. More money would cause increase in the purchasing power and hence the demand would increase. Now, you know that this will cause the price to increase (read point A).
D. On the contrary, lesser money supply would cause the purchasing power of the people to fall. Hence, there will be fall in the demand. And fall in the demand will cause the prices to fall (read point A).
To summarize:
5. Okay, now let us consider this analogy to understand the working of the economy smoothly.
6. There is a flowing river whose water is being controlled by a dam. The engineer of the dam controls the gates of the dam to make sure that the water level is under control.
7. Whenever, there is lack of water in the village, the gates of the dam are opened by the engineer. This is to ensure that the people do not run out of water. Also, care has to be taken by the engineer as opening all the gates would cause flood like situation in the village.
8. Also, whenever, there is excessive rains, the engineer makes sure that the gates are well locked to avoid any excess supply of water.
9. This is how the economy of the country is being controlled by RBI. Here, the role of RBI is similar to that of the engineer of the dam. The water supply is akin to the money supply.
10. The gates of the dam are various tools used by RBI to control the money supply in the economy. The village here would be the economy of the nation.
11. So, basically RBI controls the money supply and maintains a balance between ‘Inflation’ and ‘Economic growth’.
This can be done using various tools. Let us discuss 'Repo Rate' and 'Reverse Repo Rate' here.
12. ‘Repo Rate’ is the rate at which our banks borrow rupees from RBI. It is also called as repurchase rate.
13. Okay, lets have this analogy first,
You go to a friend and ask for money, say 100 Rs. He don’t trust you so he asks you for security. You give him your watch as a security.
14. However, you also enter into an agreement to buy back the watch at a predetermined rate of interest. This interest is known as ‘Repo Rate’. Your friend is ‘RBI’ and you are ‘Commercial Bank’.
15. Whenever the banks have any shortage of funds they can borrow it from RBI. RBI lends money to bankers against approved securities for meeting their day to day requirements or to fill short term gap.
16. Who decides ‘Repo Rate’?
‘Reserve Bank of India’ decides the ‘Repo Rate’ and it changes it as and when needed keeping in mind the inflation and the growth factor of the economy.
17. What will happen if ‘Repo Rate’ is decreased?
👉 Decrease in ‘Repo Rate’ will make it easier for the Commercial Banks to lend money.
👉 Increased lending activity will cause an increase in the money supply.
18. What will happen if money supply is increased?
👉 If RBI makes money supply easy then it will become very easy for commercial banks to lend loan to general public.
👉 Lending loan to general public in excess will cause increase in the supply of money in the hands of people.
19. What will happen if people have more money?
👉 More money in the hands of people would imply more purchasing power.
👉 Increased purchasing power will lead to greater demand of goods and services. Hence, the prices will increase causing inflation to rise.
20. What is 'Reverse Repo rate'?
The rate at which commercial banks lend money to RBI is called as Reverse Repo Rate.
21. Now, when the banks lend money to RBI, they will be left with less cash and this would mean less money as loan to public and again cause the prices to fall as there will be fall in the demand of goods and services.
22. RBI always tend to keep Repo rate higher than Reverse Repo rate as it do not want to end up paying more.
The End.
@finbloggers, @Dinesh_Sairam this can help beginners 🙏

More from swapnilkabra

swapnilkabra
swapnilkabra
@caswapnilkabra
While learning accountancy a student is taught to
👉Debit all expenses, credit all income.
👉Debit all assets, credit all liabilities.
👉Debit the receiver, credit the giver.
Why is it so?
Let us find out the rationale behind three golden rules of accounts. 👇🧵 (1/n)

'Balance Sheet' and 'Profit & Loss Account' are two important aspects to learn accountancy.
Let us first understand how to interpret a Balance Sheet. (2/n)

Balance sheet is a simple snapshot of ‘Sources of funds’ (‘Liabilities’) and ‘Application of funds’ (‘Assets’) as on a ‘particular’ day. (3/n)


It is important to note that the Balance sheet may change every day. That’s because the liabilities side and the assets side may change frequently.
Example: The customer from whom the amount was receivable (Debtor) will get converted into Cash the moment he pays money. (4/n)

Suppose a businessman starts a business with his own money (equity/owner’s fund) and uses this money to buy various assets. (5/n)
BOOKKEEPING , LEARNING
swapnilkabra
swapnilkabra
@caswapnilkabra
A small thread to explain the tax implications of dividend of Rs.974 per share declared by #majesco Ltd which is winding up its business🧵👇

1. For starters, Majesco is declaring such huge dividend on account of it selling its US business. But, as an investor, should one think of buying the shares now? Let us find out.

2. The current market price per share of Majesco is Rs.980. This is almost at par with the dividend per share. Now, if you buy shares of Majesco, you will be entitled to dividend of Rs.974 per share.

3. Please keep in mind that dividend income is not exempt in the hands of the shareholders. It will be taxed as per regular slabs.

4. Say you are in highest slab of 30%, you will be taxed at that rate. To simplify you will be getting a net amount of Rs.681 per share (Rs.974- 30% tax).
BUSINESS
Advertisement
swapnilkabra
swapnilkabra
@caswapnilkabra
Layman’s explanation to PE Ratio and how it works.
A long thread! Do Bookmark this for patient reading.

#investing #investors #PEratio

1/ PE (Price Earning) ratio is one of the most important metric used by investors to make decisions while picking up stocks. But, more often than not, it is grossly misunderstood.
Let us decode this metric.

2/ Table of contents
•How to decide what to buy?
oCase A: Case A: Fresh Apple vs Stale Apple
oCase B: Costlier Fresh Apple v/s Cheaper Fresh Apple
oCase C: Apple vs Orange
•How to read PE ratio
•How is PE Ratio misunderstood?
•When will PE Ratio not work?

3/ How do you decide, what to buy?
Case A: Fresh Apple vs Stale Apple


You go to a market and buy an apple. You have a choice to make.
Apple ‘A’ is fresh and juicy. Apple ‘B’ is clearly stale. Apple ‘A’ costs you ₹.20 while Apple ‘B’ costs you only ₹.10.
FINANCE
swapnilkabra
swapnilkabra
@caswapnilkabra
A simple thread to help all understand ‘Futures and Options’ in an easy way. Though I would personally not recommend new investors to trade in F & O, but it is always good to know things. 👇🧵

#Investing #Investors #Options #Futures

1. What is a ‘Derivative’?
‘Derivative’ simply means a product which is derived or dependent on some asset. This asset is called as ‘underlying asset’.
Let me simplify this by putting this example.

Both ‘Coffee’ and ‘Tea’ require ‘Milk’ for their making (assuming that you drink it that way, of course) . Hence, if the price of ‘Milk’ increases, the prices of ‘Tea’ and ‘Coffee’ will also increase.


To sum up:
1.‘Milk’ is the independent product. So, it will be considered as ‘Underlying Asset’.
2.‘Tea’ and ‘Coffee’ derive their prices from the price of ‘Milk’. Therefore, these are ‘Derivatives’ of Milk.

Hence, the derivative of a company will derive its price from the price of the shares of a company. Thus, share of a company is the ‘underlying asset’.
TRADING
swapnilkabra
swapnilkabra
@caswapnilkabra
Have you ever wondered why price of large cap cos like Reliance ind. Ltd. or Apple inc. fluctuates less in magnitude but share price of a small cap co witnesses huge volatility?
A simple thread to explain the economics behind stock fluctuations!👇🧵
#investing #financialliteracy

1. Penny stocks show huge volatility but on the other hand stock of large cap companies show little fluctuations.
Did you ever observe how ‘Foreign Exchange’ rates show little fluctuation and are range bound?
Let us understand the economics behind it.

2. In this thread we will learn two things,
👉Why large companies show quick change in their prices though the magnitude of change is less?
👉What causes huge jump in prices of penny stocks? Or why on a bad day they can easily fall with huge magnitude?

3. First things first. Let us understand who decides the price of goods? Is it the ‘Buyer(s)’ or the ‘Seller(s)’?
The answer to this basic question is that price is decided by both of them.

This is because,
👉 A ‘Buyer’ would always be willing to buy any commodity at lesser price.
👉 A ‘Seller’, on the other hand would try to sell his product at a greater price.
TRADING

More from Finance

Christian Reshoeft
Christian Reshoeft
@reshoftc
(Thread) Why do I own individual stocks?

Thesis:

1. The digitalization of our world is 10% complete.
2. This megatrend will continue for at least another decade.
3. If you enjoy spending your free time on individual stocks, then the potential for outsized returns is possible.

What is my approach?

There are two parts to my portfolio.

- 40% in Vanguard All-World ETF. This is on autopilot w/ regular contributions.
- 60% in what I consider to be high growth stocks

I keep a balance by adding cash. No shuffling around unless it gets too out of whack.

The latter is the interesting part.

I invest in companies that can

1. successfully disrupt an industry with new business models $TTD $SQ $PTON $TDOC

2. further enable the digital transformation with their services and infrastructure $ZS $HUBS $TWLO $CRWD

I intend to hold my shares indefinitely and allow my investments to compound over time.

I don’t believe that it is possible to time the market. Markets go up and down. I hold on knowing that quality businesses tend to bounce back.

The list of reasons to sell is always long.

If you have full conviction in your holdings, then no single piece of “infotainment” should make you change your mind.

Ignore it + people who make predictions about the economy.
TRADING , FINANCE
Subhadip Nandy
Subhadip Nandy
@SubhadipNandy16
Two year back thread on MFI, someone liked this so came up in notifications . Rather than running around 100s of indicators, I have made this my go to indicator under any circumstances and have been using this for years


This thread actually had some great answers , one can learn a lot about the thought processes of different traders from the answers. Please go thru them
MFI , FINANCE
Advertisement
Mostly Borrowed Ideas
Mostly Borrowed Ideas
@borrowed_ideas
1/ Thread: $GOOG 4Q'20 Update

For the first time, GOOG segmented its cloud revenues/income separately, and overall revenue was >20% in 4Q which led to +7% after-hours reaction yesterday.

Here are my notes from earnings/press release.

2/ In the last quarter, here is the segment-wise growth:

Search +17.4%
YouTube ads +46.0%
Google Network Members +22.9%
Cloud +46.6%

Cloud more than doubled in the last two years.
Other bets losses $4.5 Bn in 2020 (vs $4.8 Bn in 2019)


3/ Operating margin in Q4 ~28%
FCF margin in Q4 ~30%

One of the big takeaways was the core business was even MORE profitable than most investors thought since cloud had -42.9% operating margin.

$GOOG's search business is a good comp for Fed in terms of "printing" money. JK.

4/ "you can track takeout and delivery orders when you book or order from Google Maps"

"More than 0.5 million channels livestreamed on YouTube for the first time in 2020"

"videos in our new Shorts player are receiving 3.5 billion daily views."

5/ Google Pay app is now used by >150 mn people in 30 countries.

Cloud backlog $30 Bn now (from $19 Bn in Q3)

# of Deals >$250 Mn became >3x

Waymo is providing hundreds of fully AV rides per week

Retail searches >3x YoY

Cloud operating losses flat YoY
FINANCE
Krishna Bahirwani
Krishna Bahirwani
@BahirwaniKrish
What a privilege it was to host @Gautam__Baid for my first ever Twitter Spaces event along with @dadalife369 and @Finvents.

While we wait for the YouTube recording. Here are 8 of my biggest takeaways from today's session.

#investing

1 - Start by coming up with a portfolio allocation strategy based on your aims and objectives for investing. Include flexibility, tracking and rebalancing as part of your strategy.


2 - Learn from those who succeeded before you to ultimately develop your own investing style

Here are three books that influence @Gautam__Baid's investing style - They are some of the best books in investing along with Gautam's The Joys of Compounding.


3 - Develop a robust repository of sources from which you can generate investment ideas.

Here are the ones @Gautam__Baid uses.

It is a super-comprehensive list.


4 - Focus on the process as opposed to the outcomes. This is very important.

Developing a superior process leads to the repeatability of exceptional outcomes.
WISE INVESTING , FINANCE
Vidya
Vidya
@VidyaG88
1/16
Was reading upon #Biases & learnt a lot. Thought of sharing a few pointers .
Simply put Bias is a disproportionate weight in favour of or against any idea/thing in all aspects of life.
Few types of Biases ( out of the many) with not so random images. :)
+

2/16
The #DunningKruger effect now is fairly well known , wherein people with limited knowledge overestimate their competence, whilst the actually knowledgeable question themselves often .
"Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge".
+


3/16
*#SelfServingBias*
A very interesting bias wherein we credit our successes to purely ourselves, but when things go awry we cite luck & external forces .
Rings any bells?
Basically a defence mechanism to protect our self esteem & eventually from personal responsibility.


4/16
* #ConfirmationBias *
We all favour ideas & beliefs that affirm to our existing ones' , rarely being open to contradictory opinions .
(Especially in markets !! 😬) Why?

Laziness? Mental block? Ego ?
No wonder, Birds of a feather flock together ... 😉


5/16
* #SunkCostBias *
As we know, sunk costs are irrecoverable , regardless of outcomes. (Eg Money expended towards R&D for a molecule which doesn't work out)
But this actually extends in any investment we make - Time,Money, Effort, Relationships ...😏
Interesting right?
BOOKS , FINANCE

You May Also Like

\u0b85\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbf\U0001f478
அஸ்தினாபுரத்து அரசி👸...
@SivaRoobini555
#தினம்_ஒரு_திருவாசகம்
தொல்லை இரும்பிறவிச் சூழும் தளை நீக்கி
அல்லல் அறுத்து ஆனந்தம் ஆக்கியதே – எல்லை
மருவா நெறியளிக்கும் வாதவூர் எங்கோன்
திருவாசகம் என்னும் தேன்

பொருள்:
1.எப்போது ஆரம்பித்தது என அறியப்படமுடியாத தொலை காலமாக (தொல்லை)

2. இருந்து வரும் (இரும்)


3.பிறவிப் பயணத்திலே ஆழ்த்துகின்ற (பிறவி சூழும்)

4.அறியாமையாகிய இடரை (தளை)

5.அகற்றி (நீக்கி),

6.அதன் விளைவால் சுகதுக்கமெனும் துயரங்கள் விலக (அல்லல் அறுத்து),

7.முழுநிறைவாய்த் தன்னுளே இறைவனை உணர்த்துவதே (ஆனந்த மாக்கியதே),

8.பிறந்து இறக்கும் காலவெளிகளில் (எல்லை)

9.பிணைக்காமல் (மருவா)

10.காக்கும் மெய்யறிவினைத் தருகின்ற (நெறியளிக்கும்),

11.என் தலைவனான மாணிக்க வாசகரின் (வாதவூரெங்கோன்)

12.திருவாசகம் எனும் தேன் (திருவா சகமென்னுந் தேன்)

முதல்வரி: பிறவி என்பது முன்வினை விதையால் முளைப்பதோர் பெருமரம். அந்த ‘முன்வினை’ எங்கு ஆரம்பித்தது எனச் சொல்ல இயலாது. ஆனால் ‘அறியாமை’ ஒன்றே ஆசைக்கும்,, அச்சத்துக்கும் காரணம் என்பதால், அவையே வினைகளை விளைவிப்பன என்பதால், தொடர்ந்து வரும் பிறவிகளுக்கு, ‘அறியாமையே’ காரணம்

அறியாமைக்கு ஆரம்பம் கிடையாது. நமக்கு ஒரு பொருளைப் பற்றிய அறிவு எப்போதிருந்து இல்லை? அதைச் சொல்ல முடியாது. அதனாலேதான் முதலடியில், ஆரம்பமில்லாத அஞ்ஞானத்தை பிறவிகளுக்குக் காரணமாகச் சொல்லியது. ஆனால் அறியாமை, அறிவின் எழுச்சியால், அப்போதே முடிந்து விடும்.
ALL
V.S.S
V.S.S
@Scion_of_Shekha
8 March 1679 - The date on which 300 saffron clad warriors gave their life to protect temples from mugal army. Thread➡️
Aurangzeb's huge army, which was adorned with artillery, elephant and horses, under the leadership of Commander Darab Khan had marched to punish the ruler of/1


Khandela Raja Bahadur Singh, who became a rebel due to the anti-Hindu policies of Aurangzeb, and to destroy the temples of Shekhawati. Bahadur Singh to compete with such a large army, vacated Khandela for the purpose of conducting guerilla warfare and went Kot Sakrai /2

located in the inaccessible hills of Sakrai. People of Khandela also vacated Khandela and hid in nearby villages.

But some Shekhawat warriors did not like this as they knew that the royal army would not leave a single temple located in Shekhawati unbroken./3

so soon the teams of self-sacrificing Dharma-protectors Shekhawat heroes started reaching Khandela to protect the Dev temples.

Sujan Singh Shekhawat, the young thakur of Chhapoli, was coming back from his wedding when he heard about the imperial army from Shepherds./4

झिरमीर झिरमिर मेहा बरसे,मोरां छतरी छाई |
कुल में है तो आव सुजाण, फोज देवरे आई ||

if you are born in your glorious clan, then come, the army have come to destroy temple. /5
ALL
Advertisement
WORLD OF SANATAN DHARMA
WORLD OF SANATAN DHARM...
@world_sanatan
WHY BABUR NEVER TRIED TO ATTACK SRI KRISHNADEVARAYA ?

A🧵u must read

It is very well known that Babur considered Krishna Dev Raya as the strongest ruler of the entire subcontinent, and Vijayanagar empire the strongest during that time in India.

1/10


The Vijayanagar empire reached its peak during 1509-1529 around the reign of Krishna Dev Raya.

Vijayanagar’s famed elephant brigade 👇

2/10


At his command there were over 50000 elite troops with a regiment of Portuguese gunners and 3200 cavalry with 600 elephants.

3/10

Along with that more than four hundred thousand ( four lakh) peasant levies and irregular military made this empire one of the largest in all of South Asia.

A typical Vijayanagar levie soldier 👇

4/10


During Baburs invasion, Krishna Dev Raya ruled supreme in all of deccan.

In fact, in an all our brawl, Krisha Dev Raya will beat Babur fair and square.

Babur could muster at max 50000 troops with 50 canons.

While Krishna Dev Raya had these numbers in Hampi alone

5/10
ALL
Suhail
Suhail
@Suhail
1/ The first 18 months of starting a company is often life or death. I must've made 5 different companies that each failed within 9 mo. 😭 Each time the company failed I figured out what I could do better. Eventually startup #6 got to $40K/mo by month 18. Here’s what I learned...

2/ Stay focused! Ignore things that are a waste of time: meetups & conferences, meetings with no clear agenda, fundraising if you're not fundraising, reading lots of tech media articles, etc. Every week should feel like significant progress in the first year.

3/ Your first 5 hires will be the difference between life or death. Choose carefully. Be picky. Many of the things we do at the company still are a result of those early hires' legacy. Have fun as a tight knit team. It will change & evolve as you get bigger so enjoy this moment.

4/ Growth may be flat for the first 9 months. It's gonna be okay. Almost every company has experienced this: Airbnb had to sell cereal in-between, Slack failed as a gaming company first, Tesla sold only 147 cars after 6 years! You probably won't be an overnight success either.

5/ In the beginning, do customer support yourself. You will learn a lot about why your product sucks. I did 5,000+ support tickets when it was the two of us. Delight customers & fix things fast while you learn. It will help you build an amazing intuition about your customers.
STARTUPS
Kirsti Miller
Kirsti Miller
@KirstiMiller30
@FionaPearman @ScottMorrisonMP Morrison is our statue of unempathic neoliberalism - erected by evangelical and corporate Australia to celebrate their victory over compassion, equality and secular humanism. 

Hopefully it gets pulled down like the statues of dubious heroes of oppression from an earlier age.


@ScottMorrisonMP The two-party-preferred system in 
Australia politics isn’t working for people, and it sure isn’t working for the planet.

@ScottMorrisonMP My collapse of faith in our democracies isn’t an accident. It’s one of the central victories of the neoliberal project, delivered through two generations of privatisation, outsourcing and deregulation, underfunding of government services (locked in by tax cuts),...

@ScottMorrisonMP restricting freedom of information, targeting whistleblowers and raiding the media who report on them, delegitimising and gagging public interest advocacy, and criminalising protest.

@ScottMorrisonMP Politics in Australia today relies hugely on the fact that most people don’t know most of what’s going on so as to get away with stuff that couldn’t be done under real scrutiny we have seen a clear example of this with the National Coronvirus Cabinet.
FOR LATER READ