BC COURT
Saved by @Alex1Powell

TATA Sons v Cyrus Mistry

Supreme Court bench led by Chief Justice of India assembles to hear the appeals filed by Tata Sons Pvt Ltd against the NCLAT direction to reinstate Cyrus Mistry as Company Chairman.

 Senior Advocate Harish Salve starts submissions for Tata Sons.

@RNTata2000 @TataCompanies
Salve : This(Chairmanship) is not a post as understood in service law. In Company Law, this is designation.

#TatasCyrusMistryDispute
Salve : Tata Sons Ltd is a company of considerable vintage. It was created in 1917.

CJI : Was it a public limited company?

Salve : Never. It has always been a private company.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The curious thing which has happened in the case is that there is a provision in Tata Son's Articles which restricts the transfer of shares. It also has a remarkable feature that the Board could direct a shareholder to sell shares.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The NCLAT overlooked the fact that the primary contract between the shareholders and the company is the Articles of Association.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
CJI Bobde : The Article giving power to direct selling of shareholder is Article 137?

Salve : Yes. It is an unusual Article. At interim stage, we undertook not to invoke it against #CyrusMistry.

#TataSons
#SupremeCourt
Salve : After the new Act came in 2013, we asked the Registrar to add the name 'Private' to Tata Sons. The Registrar did it. By statutory definition, we are private. The NCLAT came down heavily on the Registrar for allowing the adding of 'private'.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The NCLAT used a curious interpretation. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has also filed an appeal against the observations made by the NCALT.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : Tille 1965, Shapoorji Pallonji group was not in existence in Tata Sons.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The shares to Tata Sons to the extent of 68% are with the Tata Trust.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : We all grew up with Mr. JRD Tata as the main person. After JRD retired, Ratan Tata @RNTata2000 came.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The trustees of Tata Trust which held 68% was always in the control of Tata Sons. It nominated eminent persons to the board. Tata Sons hold controlling stake in many listed companies of Tatas, like Tata Steel, Tata Chemicals etc.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : It is a matter of pride that Jaguar cars are manufactured by Tata owned company. Jaguar has a hybrid version now. Having got one, I can tell it has the highest insurance because they are the most stolen cars in UK.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : Pallonji Mistry, Cyrus Mistry's father was included in Tata Sons as non-executive Director in 1980. Cyrus Mistry joined Tata Sons in 2006

#SupremeCourt @tatatrusts
@TataCompanies
Salve : Mistry's appointment as Executive Chairman would have ended in March 2017. It was not a life long appointment.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : He was removed in October 2016. After March 2017, he had no right to seek re-appointment.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : Corporate democracies must have its places. Your lordships held in Escorts case held that these are mini democracies.
#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : He was removed only as Executive Chairman. He would have continued as Director.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : Mr N Chandrashekharan, a home grown person of Tata, was made the Chairman later. His appointment was never challenged and he was not made a party too. But his appointment was set aside.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : Chandrashekharan was not connected with the promoters or the shareholders. He was selected for his merit.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
CJI Bobde : Does NCLT has power to appoint Director?

Salve : They do. If they have reasons to do so.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : NCLT can appoint Director but the appointment must be pro-term. The Shareholders have the right to appoint. The corporate democracy must be respected. This fundamental principle has been overlooked.
#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : Mistry wrote an en email supposedly for the Board but before the Board could set its eyes, the media got it.

CJI : This happens in corporate world also?

Salve : In fact, this was invented by the corporate world and spread to other fields.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : During the times of JRD and Ratan Tata, the representative of Tata Trust was the Chairman of the Tata Sons. Therefore, there was cohesion between the company and the trust.

@TataCompanies @RNTata2000

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The NCLAT has virtually restrained the operation of various Articles going beyond the scope of judicial review.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The NCLAT made unwarranted remarks calling the Trustee nominees 'puppets' 'stooges' etc.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The Tribunal held that since the Articles allow Tata Trust to interfere, it was oppression of shareholders. This was missing woods for the trees.
#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : Mistry was not a minority. He was an Executive Chairman appointed by the Selection Committee.

The NCLAT order now means that the minority in the rule removing the majority.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : A person who was from a group having 18% shares now must have full run of the Tata Group. That is how absurd the order is.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The power under Section 241 Companies Act 2013 is an alternative power to be exercised only if it is found that the company is liable to be wound up.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The Tribunal must find that it is 'otherwise just and equitable' to wind up the company to exercise the powers under Sections 241/242 Companies Act.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
CJI : So the Tribunal must find that it is just and equitable to wind up the company but we would rather not do it in the interest of shareholders and instead pass other directions.

Salve : Yes.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
Salve : The Tribunal said because of the acts of oppression, it is just and equitable to wind up. This is circular reasoning.
#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
CJI : We will resume at 2.15 PM.

The bench rises. Arguments will resume at 2.15 PM.

#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
The bench re-assembles.
#TataSons
#CyrusMistry
CJI : Mr. Salve, you were arguing that the statutory scheme of Companies Act is such that the Tribunal must arrive at a conclusion that it is just and reasonable to wind up the company but in the interest of shareholders Section 241 order is passed instead.

Salve agrees.
Salve : The complaint is under Section 241(a) of Companies Act. Carefully read, this provision can only mean 'oppressive' to the shareholder.

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
Salve : The complaint must refer to 'The' Company, i.e Tata Sons. But there is a litany of allegations against downstream company, Tata Motors, Tata Steels etc.

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
CJI : But if the complaint is that Ratan Tata is running affairs in such a manner that the investment of Tata Sons is being jeopardized by other projects, why can't these allegations be made?

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
Salve : But there is no single allegation that money of Tata Sons has been lost.

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
Salve : Hindsight is always different. When car industry was booming, Ratan Tata thought he will give a car for Indians at Rs one lakh. But the project ran into trouble later. It got into problems in West Bengal, had to be shifted to Gujarat etc.

#TataSons #CyrusMistry
Salve : There could be different perceptions about the decisions. But can it be mismanagement.

CJI : So you are saying if there is a strategy which did not work, it will not be mismanagement?

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
Salve : A member of Tata Sons may complain about Tata Sons Ltd and not other companies. There is not a single allegation about mismanagement within Tata Sons Ltd.

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
Salve : I don't think the language of Section 242 of Companies Act admit of any ambiguity. The Tribunal has to come to two conclusion :
1. There is prejudice, oppression etc, AND
2. The facts would justify the making of a winding up order.

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
Salve : The grounds for winding up are in Section 271 of the Companies Act. Those factors have to be fulfilled.

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
Salve : The company had been run amazingly.During tenure of Mr. Ratan Tata @RNTata2000 between 1991 to 2012, the market cap of Tatas went up 500 times.

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
Salve : When you have a growth story of 500%, there will be some winners projects some loser projects. It is a mix.

CJI : This is like that of a successful Senior Advocate. The successful lose more cases.
#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
CJI : The best lose more than they win. In worst cases, the litigants find the best lawyer to argue for them.

#TataSons #CyrusMistry #SupremeCourt
CJI : This is our way of saying that if we dismiss our case, it is not because you are a bad lawyer.

Salve (laughing) : That is what we tell our clients. Mr Ramaswamy used to say, when a case is lost in first instance, client will be told that he has won a right to appeal.
Salve coming back to arguments.

The Tribunal has no power to rewrite the Articles of Association.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : Can the Tribunals select the Chairman? The answer is No. It is for the shareholders to decide.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : Ultimately the selection must be by the Shareholder.

CJI : Precisely. We do not see any power for the Tribunal to select Chairman.
#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : Section 242(h) speaks about power of Tribunal to remove as Managing Director etc. But there is no power given to set aside an order of removal.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : Section 242(k) talks about the power to appoint a Director to report to the Tribunal. It is like appointing a Commissioner Director.

Salve : Virtually, yes.
#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : This power (Section 242(k) is nuanced. The appointment is for a specific purpose. In that case the Directors come with a mandate.

CJI : It is like appointing a Commissioner.

Salve : Yes

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : So your contention is that the Tribunal cannot choose a particular person as the Director?

Salve : Generally, yes. Tribunal cannot say so and so will be the Director.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve points out that the 1956 did not have a condition that the Company Court should come to a conclusion that winding up order is otherwise necessary.

Parliament has now decided that this condition should be there in the 2013 Act.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : In ordinary circumstances, Mistry, with 18% shares, will not get even 1% share in the Board, that too in a private company.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : If Tata Sons is distributing huge amounts of dividends, where is the question of winding up Tata Sons? That is a long and short of this case.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve now refers to the findings of the Tribunal that the oppression is such that a winding up order is just and equitable.

.#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : Is there any finding that because of the losses the minority was affected more?

Salve : Every one gets affected the same. I am losing 68 Rupees for every 100 rs lost by the company.

CJI : So everybody has lost money including the majority.
#TataSons #SupremeCourt
CJI : A mere loss cannot come under Section 242 unless it is a loss caused only to the minority.

Salve : That is our submission.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : The next ground cited by the Tribunal is the changing of public company to private company. How did the minority lose(because of this)?
#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : There is no single instance of Cyrus Mistry bringing a resolution and the same being vetoed by the trustee directors. The veto has not been exercised for at least 20 years. Such was the harmony. And the directors are called 'puppets'!

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : Where has the Tribunal come to the finding that there should be winding up OTHERWISE?

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve emphasizes on the word "otherwise" in Section 242(1)(b) of the Companies Act, 2013.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : What seems to be the correct position is that, if a petition is filed for winding up, and the Tribunal comes to a conclusion that instead of winding up, the problem can be fixed, alternate orders can be passed.
#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : If a petition for oppression is filed, and the Tribunal finds the oppression is so gross that the company should be wound up, why can't the company pass orders under Section 242.
#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : The settled position is that the company should be run with lack of probity. But just because some decisions are bad, it cannot be oppression. There should be lack of probity established.
#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : Is there any authority for the proposition that oppression and mismanagement cannot lead to winding up order and "just and equitable" grounds should come dehors oppression and mismanagement?

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve stresses that there should be 'lack of probity' in the acts and decisions.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : Just because you are outvoted ,it is not oppression. The Articles of Association give the power to the Board. Where is the violation of the Articles in the case?

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve referring to the 'Needle Industries' decision of 1976.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
There should be 'no hope for the smooth functioning of the company' and 'lack of probity in running its affairs' for ordering winding up : Salve.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : Nobody can capture exhaustively what are 'just and equitable grounds' for winding up.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : The degree of oppression and mismanagement must be such that the court must come to a conclusion that running the company is impossible.

Salve : There is one more element- that of lack of probity.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve :The judge cannot sit in the chair of the manager of the company and review the decisions.

CJI : The judge needs to see if the situation is not remediable due to lack of probity.

Salve : That is right.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : If the grounds on which oppression and mismanagement are of such gravity that the company itself need to be wound up but it is not expedient to wind up, the court can exercise powers under Sec 242.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve referring to the English decision in 'Harmer's case'.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Lack of confidence springing from the oppression of the minority by the majority involving lack of probity is needed : Salve quotes from the Harmer's case.
#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
The conduct must be "burdensome", "harsh", and "wrongful". It should involve at least a lack of probity or fair dealing : Salve quotes from the Harmer's case.
#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : So the situation should be so bad that the Court should be find that the company must be wound up.

Salve : We (Tata Sons) are miles away from that.

CJI : Because you have done so well.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : Their (Mistry's) complaint is that the company is being run in accordance with the Articles of Association and the Articles are unfair.
#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : This is another point we need to consider. Can there be a finding of oppression or mismanagement because of Articles of Association or it should come out of the acts of management?

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Salve : It should come out of the acts of the management and the acts should be inconsistent with the Articles of Association.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : Mr. Salve, how much more time you will take?

Salve : I will take at least one hour more.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
Singhvi says he would need 2 hours at least. Shyam Divan says he will take a couple of hours. C A Sundaram says he might need four hours.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
CJI : We would like not to 'mismanage' this case and not to cause 'oppression'.

Lawyers laugh.

CJI : We would like the arguments not to be repetitive.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry
The bench rises. Arguments over for the day. Hearing to continue tomorrow.

#TataSons #SupremeCourt #CyrusMistry

More from Live Law

Live Law
Live Law
@LiveLawIndia
Kerala High Court resumes hearing of Bail Application of M Sivasankar, Former Principal Secretary of Kerala Chief Minister


Sivasankar is presently in ED's custody for alleged involvement in the Kerala Gold Smuggling case. He is also being investigated by the NIA and Customs Department.

Senior Advocate Jaideep Gupta is arguing for Sivasankar.

He denies ED's allegations that Sivasankar contacted customs officials to clear the baggage alleged to be containing smuggled gold.

Gupta claims statement made by co-accused Swapna Suresh about Sivasankar's involvement are not credible as the same were made after her arrest.

Gupta points out that the correspondence between Sivasankar and Swapna does not disclose any knowledge on the latter's part.

He also tells Court that all of Swapna's statements categorically denied his client's involvement in gold smuggling, until before her arrest.
LAW
Live Law
Live Law
@LiveLawIndia
A Bombay High Court Bench of Justices SS Shinde and Manish Pitale will shortly hear a petition filed by Poet Dr. Varavara Rao’s wife seeking his release on medical grounds


Sr adv Anand Grover submits that except for the first medical record of Varavara Rao's JJ Hospital admission, the State has submitted all other medical records

J Shinde - Bail has been applied on medical ground.

Asg - his present condition has to be seen.

J Shinde - If they want to argue after bringing all the medical records they should be allowed to do so.

ASG- The latest report doesnt show dementia

J Manish Pitale- Can dementia go backward in time Mr. Singh? Can a patient become devoid of dementia?
INDIA
Advertisement
Live Law
Live Law
@LiveLawIndia
#LIVE Delhi High Court Women Lawyers Forum in Association with LiveLaw is conducting a Webinar on the topic 'Attack On Love Marriages And Freedom Of Choice'.

#FreedomOfChoice


Watch the Webinar live at :

YouTube link: https://t.co/l074foe9RA

Facebook link:
https://t.co/d0m3h0Ut1w

Instagram Link:

Advocate Kajal Chandra begins the webinar and introduces the panelist Justice AP Shah, Delhi High Court’s Former Chief Justice. Advocate Gayatri Virmani introduces Human Rights Activist Jagmati Sangwan.

#FreedomOfChoice

The moderator Adv Chandra questions Justice Shah: Do the freedom of Religious ordinance of laws stand the test of Constitutionality and in your opinion, do they violate the fundamental right of liberty including the freedom to choose? #FreedomOfOpinion

Delhi High Court’s Former Chief Justice AP Shah: This topic cannot be discussed without referring to the Indian Constitution that guarantees Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity and protects dignity of individual and Unity and integrity of the Nation. #FreedomOfChoice
INDIA
Live Law
Live Law
@LiveLawIndia
The Delhi High Court begins hearing Chaitanya Rohilla's petition challenging Whatsapp's updated privacy policy.


Court asks the petitioner: What is your grievance? It's a private app, don't join it.

Court: What is the data you feel is going to be compromised?

Petitioner: Whatsapp shares information globally. Everything they gather from us is shared.

Court: Mr. Lal, there are two issues. One is that your personal messages are looked into and shared. Two is that your browsing history is shared.

Petitioner: They analyze browsing history and form an opinion about the user and share that.

Court: All apps do that.

Petitioner: In Europe and the US, Whatsapp gives an option to accept or reject the updated policy. But here in India, no such option is given.

Court: You have an option, don't use the app.
WHATSAPP
Live Law
Live Law
@LiveLawIndia
#SupremeCourt is hearing a Public Interest Litigation seeking directions by Top Court, to provide food and healthcare facilities to children and lactating mothers, because the entire Anganwadi system has shut due to the lockdown.

On November 28, the Top Court had directed the Centre & States to file affidavits with regard to implementation of guidelines issued on operation of Anganwadi in the context of COVID-19.

Senior Advocate Colin Gonsalves says he has prepared a chart wrt to the laxity of the Union with regard to the Aanganwadi system.

The Central Govt's survey on what states had done points to the fact that states had not reopened anganwadi systems in light of the notification of the Govt dated November 11, says Gonsalves.

The system is totally at a standstill, says Gonsalves.

The NHRC study and recommendation states that he Anganwadi's must immediately restart, says Gonsalves
COURT

More from Court

Baba97
Baba97
@Baba9773
1) God bless the State of Texas and @KenPaxtonTX What he has just done gives us every chance to save our Republic and our country.

Keep in mind that there are only a few instances where a party can file a direct lawsuit with the U.S. Supreme Court, a state claiming harm by

2) another state is one of those instances.

https://t.co/xvXGDdgDYh

Texas Attorney General @KenPaxtonTX has filed a lawsuit with the Supreme Court seeking and emergency injunction against Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Georgia “from taking action to


3) certify presidential electors or to have such electors take any official action including without limitation participating in the electoral college.”

@KenPaxtonTX argues that arbitrary changes made by the state’s governors, secretaries of states and election supervisors were

4) “inconsistent with relevant state laws and were made by non-legislative entities, without any consent by the state legislatures. The acts of these officials thus directly violated the Constitution.”

The lawsuit states: “these non-legislative changes … facilitated the casting

5) and counting of ballots in violation of state law, which, in turn, violated the Electors Clause of Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution.” […] “By these unlawful acts, the Defendant States have not only tainted the integrity of their own citizens vote, but
COURT
Live Law
Live Law
@LiveLawIndia
Bombay High Court hearing the bail application of Gautam Navlakha in Bhima Koregaon case.

Senior Advocate Kapil Sibal @KapilSibal appearing.

Sibal narrating the case background since August 2018.


Sibal mentions that the Delhi High Court had initially stayed the transit remand of Gautam Navlakha from Delhi to Mumbai and he continued to be house arrest.

#GautamNavlakha
#BhimaKoregaon

Sibal : On October 1, 2018, the Delhi High Court quashed the arrest and remand of Navlakha. By that time, he had spend 34 days in custody under house

Sibal : On April 14 this year, Navlakha surrendered in Delhi before NIA after his bail applications were dismissed by Bombay High Court and the Supreme Court.

@KapilSibal

#BhimaKoregaon #BombayHighCourt

Sibal : He has cumulatively spend 93 days in custody. The application for extension of time was filed on June 29, which is the 110th day.
#BhimaKoregaon #BombayHighCourt
COURT
Advertisement
Live Law
Live Law
@LiveLawIndia
<< 𝙇𝙤𝙖𝙣 𝙈𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙪𝙢 & 𝙄𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙒𝙖𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧 >>

#SupremeCourt bench led by Justice Ashok will today take up plea(s) seeking extension of loan moratorium owing to the pandemic alongwith sector-specific plea’s.

@RBI
#loan
#loanmoratorium #ExtendMoratorium


Senior Advocate Ravindra Srivastava is making rejoinder submissions.
He says that no authority seems to be looking into the grievances of the borrowers.

Srivastava : Govt and RBI have come up with measures - for small borrowers (for loans up to 2 crores) on which I made submissions regarding discrimination.

They have shown nothing on record to prove why this was done, Srivastava says

Srivastava says that the intervention application of the IBA and the SBI circulars have been signed by the Deputy Managing Director but nowhere it has been stipulated to be a Board Approved policy.
COURT
Bar & Bench
Bar & Bench
@barandbench
#BombayHighCourt begins hearing the plea filed by Arnab Goswami challenging his illegal arrest and detention by the Raigad Police in the first week of November 2020.

Bench of Justice SS Shinde and MS Karnik are hearing the matter.


Senior Advocate Aabad Ponda apprises the court of the development in the case after the passing of the Supreme Court judgment of November

Ponda submits that the chargesheet was hastily filed after the Supreme Court order so that the present plea will become infructuous.

Ponda: Justice Chandrachud’s judgment is my best argument.

Ponda submits that Supreme Court observed in the order offence under Section 306 of IPC was not prima facie attracted.

Court: But that also means that the case is still open.

The observations of the SC are prima facie.

Justice Shinde asks Ponda to read the relevant portion of the order where the Supreme Court discussed on the facts of the case.

Ponda begins reading paragraph 66 of the judgment.
COURT
braingarbage
braingarbage
@braingarbage
@LauraJedeed for the record nick lee @econbrkfst started bullying when a close friend was diagnosed with coronavirus. in respect of the tragic circumstances, i asked to be left alone. instead, econbrkfst bullied me mercilessly. my friend has died.

i don't think its reasonable to bully people, endanger them, violate their privacy, ridicule them, etc, as they process the death of their friends. if you knew the circumstances---which i tried to keep private---you would know why i feel injured by econbrkfst's harassment of me.

thank you for respecting my grieving at this time. i ask you to step back and not jump into any witch trial mob initiated by nick lee at @econbrkfst against me, or especially, black women. @twittersupport @twittersafety
COURT

You May Also Like

Pat Walls
Pat Walls
@thepatwalls
And here they are...

THE WINNERS OF THE 24 HOUR STARTUP CHALLENGE

Remember, this money is just fun. If you launched a product (or even attempted a launch) - you did something worth MUCH more than $1,000.

#24hrstartup

The winners 👇

#10

Lattes For Change - Skip a latte and save a life.

https://t.co/M75RAirZzs

@frantzfries built a platform where you can see how skipping your morning latte could do for the world.

A great product for a great cause.

Congrats Chris on winning $250!


#9

Instaland - Create amazing landing pages for your followers.

https://t.co/5KkveJTAsy

A team project! @bpmct and @BaileyPumfleet built a tool for social media influencers to create simple "swipe up" landing pages for followers.

Really impressive for 24 hours. Congrats!


#8

SayHenlo - Chat without distractions

https://t.co/og0B7gmkW6

Built by @DaltonEdwards, it's a platform for combatting conversation overload. This product was also coded exclusively from an iPad 😲

Dalton is a beast. I'm so excited he placed in the top 10.


#7

CoderStory - Learn to code from developers across the globe!

https://t.co/86Ay6nF4AY

Built by @jesswallaceuk, the project is focused on highlighting the experience of developers and people learning to code.

I wish this existed when I learned to code! Congrats on $250!!
MAKERS
Conviction | Patience
Conviction | Patience
@unseenvalue
H was always unseen in S2NL :)

Those who exited at 1500 needed money. They can always come back near 969. Those who exited at 230 also needed money. They can come back near 95.

Those who sold L @ 660 can always come back at 360. Those who sold S last week can be back @ 301
UVLEARNINGS
Advertisement
Danielle \U0001f1e7\U0001f1f4
Danielle 🇧🇴...
@dinkydani21
❤✈️🌎 2 years ago today @JamesIvings and I sold all our belongings and left the UK to travel for a year. We've never been happier and we have no plans to ever return there 🙂

Thread 👇

Since then we've started a remote web dev company @SquarecatWebDev and been lucky enough to have completed several freelance projects 💻 that have kept us on the road.

In the last few months we've become a huge part of this amazing new Maker community and have found so many new friends from @makerskitchen, @women_make_ and several others! 🥰

We love travelling together (even if I'm only a glorified laptop watcher 😒) but we're both much happier being able to share our ideas outside of our own little bubble and our products have benefitted too!

Here's to another year of nomading with my favourite person and to the Maker community continuing to grow with our help! Maybe one day we'll all get to meet each other ✌️ 💛
LIFE
Jonathan Ware
Jonathan Ware
@ReassessHistory
Rhino Barges

One of the dullest, coolest, more bizarre and fascinating pieces of kit used in Normandy.

Which NO ONE REALLY CARES ABOUT.

BUT I DO AND YOU SHOULD TOO.
/1

#WW2 #SWW #History


Planning for Overlord and Neptune had a serious snag, how to get troops from LSTs onto the beach as simply ramming them onto the beaches and dropping the ramp was known to damage the exceptionally vulnerable LSTs and felt to be unsustainable in the mid to long term. /2


LSTs were essential in sustaining Overlord's progress and were a subject of major headaches in the planning phase, and a real subject of friction when it came to launching additional amphibious operations such as Dragoon.

A single LSTs loss represented a capability nick. /3


So, logic dictated, we don't really want these remarkable but rare and highly valuable vessels constantly doing beach landings, we want something to act as a medium between ship to shore, and in came the (mostly) American designed Rhino. /4


I fucking love Rhinos.

Seriously.

Graceful lines of pure industrial pedigree.

Modular.

LOOK AT IT. /5
HISTORY
Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
Keep dwelling on this:
Further Examination of the Motif near PRRA Reveals Close Structural Similarity to the SEB Superantigen as well as Sequence Similarities to Neurotoxins and a Viral SAg.

The insertion PRRA together with 7 sequentially preceding residues & succeeding R685 (conserved in β-CoVs) form a motif, Y674QTQTNSPRRAR685, homologous to those of neurotoxins from Ophiophagus (cobra) and Bungarus genera, as well as neurotoxin-like regions from three RABV strains

(20) (Fig. 2D). We further noticed that the same segment bears close similarity to the HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 SAg motif F164 to V174.
https://t.co/EwwJOSa8RK


In (B), the segment S680PPRAR685 including the PRRA insert and highly conserved cleavage site *R685* is shown in van der Waals representation (black labels) and nearby CDR residues of the TCRVβ domain are labeled in blue/white
https://t.co/BsY8BAIzDa


Sequence Identity %
https://t.co/BsY8BAIzDa
Y674 - QTQTNSPRRA - R685
Similar to neurotoxins from Ophiophagus (cobra) & Bungarus genera & neurotoxin-like regions from three RABV strains
T678 - NSPRRA- R685
Superantigenic core, consistently aligned against bacterial or viral SAgs
ALL