I am puzzled as to what the greatest medical scholar found in his research of smallpox vaccination.

/1

Legends and myths in medicine. Debunked. Not that but few care.

https://t.co/3Hu2D9Un0J

/2
https://t.co/xnZ2EXO1f5

/3
Open access. /4

https://t.co/7VF7fFb1cr
Where have we seen this before? 🤔
It appears Charles Creighton questioned Jenner vaccination on scientific, procedural, and humanitarian grounds. Of note he starts exploration of the subject with a look at Jenner’s persona and context of his experiments. /6
Creighton produces a very detailed account how vaccination fad took hold without much reasonable evidence (at the time). Those familiar with politics of medicinal enterprise may find this painfully familiar. /7
Creighton asserts that Jenner got preoccupied with cowpox/smallpox connection due to name similarity of the disease. /8
Interesting juxtaposition of observable reality vs artificial experiment. Creighton suggests Jenner cherry-picked “evidence”. /9
A slight of hand - invention of a fancy name for a common disease. This is still a common technique in “science” to attract attention and I inspire awe. Rebranding of disease often allows to create illusion of disease eradication or emergence.
/10

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Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.

https://t.co/FBfXhUrH5d


Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.


...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.


Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.