1 Recent advances in the field of in vivo continuous evolution
2 Advances in continuous culture of microbes enable continuous evolution
3 Viruses, prokaryotes, & eukaryotes mediate in vivo continuous evolution
https://t.co/BfR0B2Hwsf
1/ Directed Evolution and Serial passage of RNA Viruses
A quick (I hope) thread on RNA viruses & some others, mainly for my own learning process, but also as evidence (as if it was needed) of what modern virology & microbiology is capable of doing to viruses in their laboratories
1 Recent advances in the field of in vivo continuous evolution
2 Advances in continuous culture of microbes enable continuous evolution
3 Viruses, prokaryotes, & eukaryotes mediate in vivo continuous evolution
https://t.co/BfR0B2Hwsf
By greatly accelerating laboratory evolution, PACE may provide solutions to otherwise intractable directed evolution problems and address novel questions about molecular evolution.
https://t.co/G3mIptI54H
Inducible hypermutator systems accelerate strain evolution without compromising genome integrity.
Site-specific in vivo mutagenesis strategies have facilitated continuous protein engineering.
Automation possible!
https://t.co/pCxT250sKW
A sniper-like diversity generator in microbial engineering
https://t.co/wdKyXghRYe
Advances in the directed evolution of proteins
https://t.co/1xXTtw1i3i
In vivo continuous directed evolution
https://t.co/xKRVSjVvo4
dynamic range for DE increased via application of small-molecule adenoviral protease inhibitor to modulate selection pressure during DE experiments. (paywall)
https://t.co/HHSm0u3I4m
support info:
https://t.co/F29aEZfkTU
Rates above Genomic Error Thresholds:
(nice infographics, see attached images)
https://t.co/CNidbmviSR
Optimization of enzymes via directed evolution in vivo (thesis)
https://t.co/Cq7m8aDgVb
in vitro evolution system using recombinant double-stranded RNA bacteriophage, φ6, containing a β-lactamase (bla) gene marker
Results show use of RNA virus as vehicle for directed evolution of heterologous proteins
https://t.co/VxXjHpc214
Do lab evolved virulence determinants mimic natural ones?
Using a plant RNA virus, SMV, via serial in vivo passage experiment, they showed:
Experimentally evolved virulence determinants identical to natural ones
https://t.co/aNcoBOnSe4
"Quantitative Modeling of Virus Evolutionary Dynamics and Adaptation in Serial Passages Using Empirically Inferred Fitness Landscapes"
https://t.co/BctOBeyZBm
RNA Virus Mutations and Fitness for Survival
https://t.co/CNDcSCRiu2
To understand adaptation of H5N1 to mammals, a non-pathogenic H5N1 virus (HN021) in mice was passaged 15 times in mammals.
Experiment showed mouse-adapted variants highly pathogenic in mice after passages
https://t.co/QBLpvNVg0g
https://t.co/rUgqk2vHgT
A 627K variant in the PB 2 protein of H9 subtype influenza virus in wild birds (Harbin & Guandong)
https://t.co/Y6DM5eRcjU
1 New virus that infects otherwise inaccessible host & completely changes way it interacts with host regulation & metabolism
2 Cooperation & cheating during co-infection of same host.
3 Incorporation & loss of genes
https://t.co/A93ADvFlJK
"parallel class of evolutionary transitions can be explored involving the use of artificial evolutionary experiments where alternative paths to innovation can be explored"
https://t.co/IzxFysxRME
https://t.co/nhTF4ZnTjP
Video Abstract
https://t.co/RgYzp5nimc
1. Key substitutions adaptive in epidemics also observed in in vitro systems
2. Evolution of viral replication can be inferred in tissue culture over short time-frame
https://t.co/WFJXslscvq
"advent of increasingly general methods for continuous directed evolution enables researchers to address increasingly complex questions & to access biomolecules with more novel or even unprecedented properties"
https://t.co/YAhLgfMMiK
Impact of RNA Virus Evolution on Quasispecies
"We explore how genetic events such as spontaneous mutations could alter the genomic organization of RNA viruses in such a way that they impact virus replications & plaque morphology"
https://t.co/nfhsZI3f46
Flu A Virus Acquires Enhanced Pathogenicity & Transmissibility after Serial Passages in Swine
After 9 serial passages in pigs, engineered swine flu virus had greatly enhanced virulence & transmissibility!
https://t.co/NflCS1d2ux
1. Recombination significantly accelerates adaptation and evolution during acute virus infection.
2. Essential to enrich beneficial mutations & purge deleterious mutations
https://t.co/AgG8XVCRvR
"By building on multiplex automated genome engineering, we developed a method that enables precise mutagenesis of multiple, long genomic segments in multiple species without off-target modifications.
https://t.co/sBdXdnTQH4
More from Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 🆓
@snip96581187 @Daoyu15 @lab_leak @walkaboutrick @ydeigin @Ayjchan @franciscodeasis @TheSeeker268 @angie_rasmussen Clearly, because as I have been saying for 8 months now, DTRA and DARPA have been using Ecohealth and UC Davis to collect novel pathogens for gain of function work back in the USA. I have documented this in many threads which I will post here just to annoy everyone.
@Daoyu15 @lab_leak @walkaboutrick @ydeigin @Ayjchan @franciscodeasis @TheSeeker268 @angie_rasmussen
@Daoyu15 @lab_leak @walkaboutrick @ydeigin @Ayjchan @franciscodeasis @TheSeeker268 @angie_rasmussen
@Daoyu15 @lab_leak @walkaboutrick @ydeigin @Ayjchan @franciscodeasis @TheSeeker268 @angie_rasmussen
@Daoyu15 @lab_leak @walkaboutrick @ydeigin @Ayjchan @franciscodeasis @TheSeeker268 @angie_rasmussen
@Daoyu15 @lab_leak @walkaboutrick @ydeigin @Ayjchan @franciscodeasis @TheSeeker268 @angie_rasmussen
28. Before moving on to DARPA, let's look at DTRA:
— Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193 (@BillyBostickson) July 31, 2020
A must read!
It is astonishing the number of pies they had their dirty little fingers poking into:
Note John Epstein and Kevin Olival from EcoHealth Alliance are key figures in DTRA:https://t.co/O4QwVWrm7m pic.twitter.com/cnNGZ7AApj
@Daoyu15 @lab_leak @walkaboutrick @ydeigin @Ayjchan @franciscodeasis @TheSeeker268 @angie_rasmussen
24. DTRA Network for Collection of Viruses
— Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193 (@BillyBostickson) January 9, 2021
7. DTRA - Metabiota - One Health - Ecohealth
Bat Research Networks and Viral Surveillance: Gaps and Opportunities in Western Asia pic.twitter.com/SOqSSXF3pa
@Daoyu15 @lab_leak @walkaboutrick @ydeigin @Ayjchan @franciscodeasis @TheSeeker268 @angie_rasmussen
That is the key question
— Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193 (@BillyBostickson) January 5, 2021
1. DARPA/DTRA use NGOs like Ecohealth or Metabiota to collect new pathogens
2. They are sent to US labs (Mailman, Rocky Mountain, Atlanta CDC, UNC, USAMRIID) for GOF work by Lipkin, Nichols, Rasmussen, Baric, Dension, Munster, etchttps://t.co/wqhHK7uZO6
@Daoyu15 @lab_leak @walkaboutrick @ydeigin @Ayjchan @franciscodeasis @TheSeeker268 @angie_rasmussen
1. I wonder why Dr. Angela Rasmussen is so so upset & full of almost palpable venom about a Hypothesis and a "What if" question by @nicholsonbaker8 in the @NYMag https://t.co/a6lxtJLpKR
— Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193 (@BillyBostickson) January 5, 2021
Did I hear someone say "DARPA"?
Did I hear someone say "DTRA"?https://t.co/i27mpxJDw2 pic.twitter.com/x4X3QPnTMS
1. Omicron Thread - A Compilation of Opinions
"finally, the time has slip and slid its slimy course through to us - and we're the vicious bastards of the new generation. we do not relent, and we should not be held to account for our ancestral faults"
https://t.co/mhJO6yOQRE
2. The Letter Chosen by the WHO
"It's amazing that the Xi variant seems to have somehow managed to evade detection..."
via @readomain
Why 'Omicron', Not 'Nu' or 'Xi'?
WHO Says Two Letters in Greek Alphabet Jumped to 'Avoid Stigma'
https://t.co/xnGR9XK2tF
3. The Omicron variant has been found in nearly every province of South Africa, as well as Botswana, Belgium, Israel, UK and Hong Kong.
This month, Israel held an exercise, The “Omega Exercise”, meant to prepare for a hypothetical, new COVID-19
4. Omicron Infographic
(appeared in Germany and Italy now)
https://t.co/oNFYBH1F1o
5. Overview of Omicron (B.1.1.529) from @nicd_sa
https://t.co/HN9csJqK0z
"finally, the time has slip and slid its slimy course through to us - and we're the vicious bastards of the new generation. we do not relent, and we should not be held to account for our ancestral faults"
https://t.co/mhJO6yOQRE
Here is how B.1.1.529 (#Omicron #B11529) compares to Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta variants.
— nference (@_nference) November 27, 2021
Omicron has highest novel Spike mutations including striking cluster on the "crown" suggesting significant selection pressure & antigenic distinction from prior strains
(Credits: nference) pic.twitter.com/4oZQbjhbG8
2. The Letter Chosen by the WHO
"It's amazing that the Xi variant seems to have somehow managed to evade detection..."
via @readomain
Why 'Omicron', Not 'Nu' or 'Xi'?
WHO Says Two Letters in Greek Alphabet Jumped to 'Avoid Stigma'
https://t.co/xnGR9XK2tF
3. The Omicron variant has been found in nearly every province of South Africa, as well as Botswana, Belgium, Israel, UK and Hong Kong.
This month, Israel held an exercise, The “Omega Exercise”, meant to prepare for a hypothetical, new COVID-19
4. Omicron Infographic
(appeared in Germany and Italy now)
https://t.co/oNFYBH1F1o
5. Overview of Omicron (B.1.1.529) from @nicd_sa
https://t.co/HN9csJqK0z
Prof @Tuliodna is giving an insightful overview of the #NewVariant #B11529 pic.twitter.com/VnFBrj2pOT
— NICD (@nicd_sa) November 25, 2021
1/X Bellagio Rockefeller Initiative (Global Virome Project)
Another look at some key people in the GVP & their media statements since January 2020 about "natural origin" and impossibility of a "lab leak"
Full List of 18 scientists in photograph is here:
https://t.co/yHoAjwQjI8
2/X
We have already looked closely at Dennis Carroll, Peter Daszak, George Gao, W. Ian Lipkin & seen their public statements supporting "natural origin" & hysterical attacks on "lab leak" theories.
This thread focuses on:
Michael Kurilla
Jonna Mazet
Edward Rubin (Metabiota)
3/X
If we look at the leadership team of GVP, you will see some familiar faces:
https://t.co/WdT8sNnfmy
Most familiar is probably Peter Daszak, the wealthy Treasurer, also with the key role of Secretary.
Note: USAID PREDICT Project - EcoHealthAlliance
4/X
The "Chair" is Dr. Dennis Carroll
We will have a look at his media statements on the coronavirus pandemic by inputting his name in Twitter search box (very easy!)
Note: Previously was Director of USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program
5/X Dennis Carroll's video media statements (1):
CNN
(note Qinghai Thangka positioned in background which Daszak also shows off in his videos obtained during EcoHealth virus hunt with
Another look at some key people in the GVP & their media statements since January 2020 about "natural origin" and impossibility of a "lab leak"
Full List of 18 scientists in photograph is here:
https://t.co/yHoAjwQjI8
2/X
We have already looked closely at Dennis Carroll, Peter Daszak, George Gao, W. Ian Lipkin & seen their public statements supporting "natural origin" & hysterical attacks on "lab leak" theories.
This thread focuses on:
Michael Kurilla
Jonna Mazet
Edward Rubin (Metabiota)
3/X
If we look at the leadership team of GVP, you will see some familiar faces:
https://t.co/WdT8sNnfmy
Most familiar is probably Peter Daszak, the wealthy Treasurer, also with the key role of Secretary.
Note: USAID PREDICT Project - EcoHealthAlliance
4/X
The "Chair" is Dr. Dennis Carroll
We will have a look at his media statements on the coronavirus pandemic by inputting his name in Twitter search box (very easy!)
Note: Previously was Director of USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program
5/X Dennis Carroll's video media statements (1):
CNN
(note Qinghai Thangka positioned in background which Daszak also shows off in his videos obtained during EcoHealth virus hunt with
Warnings ignored, and the stunning fact that the wealthiest country in the world is short of masks and gowns and ventilators - and possibly, hospital beds. Dr Dennis Carroll says it's time to rip off the bandaid on harsh #coronavirus\xa0measures. #COVID19 pic.twitter.com/ZNZnhZnmPs
— Michael Holmes (@holmescnn) March 21, 2020
1. Finally!
I found the original H1N1-H5N1 "novel" viruses emails! Yes!
https://t.co/MoPgxYJIEv
Kawaoka Busted!
2. Kawaoka Busted!
More email evidence here:
More Smoking Gun Emails From Kobe University Virologist Teridah Ernala Ginting
Acts Of Espionage Against Indonesia by Akiko Makino and Others From Kobe University's "Secret"
3. NAMRU 2 Indonesia
(where Kawaoka organised theft of viruses)
(Now moved to Phnom Penh)
https://t.co/snRmicOIGN
History:
https://t.co/vEjltSDTOj
Perspectives on the DOD Global Emerging Infections Surveillance System:
GEIS at NAMRU 2, Indonesia (PDF)
https://t.co/SKm22oqBD4
4. NAMRU 2 Indonesia Controversy (2008)
Indonesia Suspends US NAMRU Lab Operations
https://t.co/kLW3zhiDVz
Supari On NAMRU-2
https://t.co/0wPbF4TpTJ
Indonesian Lawmakers Call For NAMRU-2 Probe
https://t.co/S4zZ4TaksW
NAMRU-2 Debate Turns
5. NAMRU Indonesia Controversy Part 2
U.S. insists on immunity for all Namru-2 laboratory staff
https://t.co/KelkEqJQTn
A "fact sheet" on NAMRU-2
https://t.co/Z08aLEDIJ4
US Embassy Half Truths:
https://t.co/b0nP0aVIwV
Indonesia: More attacks on
I found the original H1N1-H5N1 "novel" viruses emails! Yes!
https://t.co/MoPgxYJIEv
Kawaoka Busted!
2. Kawaoka Busted!
More email evidence here:
More Smoking Gun Emails From Kobe University Virologist Teridah Ernala Ginting
Acts Of Espionage Against Indonesia by Akiko Makino and Others From Kobe University's "Secret"
3. NAMRU 2 Indonesia
(where Kawaoka organised theft of viruses)
(Now moved to Phnom Penh)
https://t.co/snRmicOIGN
History:
https://t.co/vEjltSDTOj
Perspectives on the DOD Global Emerging Infections Surveillance System:
GEIS at NAMRU 2, Indonesia (PDF)
https://t.co/SKm22oqBD4
4. NAMRU 2 Indonesia Controversy (2008)
Indonesia Suspends US NAMRU Lab Operations
https://t.co/kLW3zhiDVz
Supari On NAMRU-2
https://t.co/0wPbF4TpTJ
Indonesian Lawmakers Call For NAMRU-2 Probe
https://t.co/S4zZ4TaksW
NAMRU-2 Debate Turns
5. NAMRU Indonesia Controversy Part 2
U.S. insists on immunity for all Namru-2 laboratory staff
https://t.co/KelkEqJQTn
A "fact sheet" on NAMRU-2
https://t.co/Z08aLEDIJ4
US Embassy Half Truths:
https://t.co/b0nP0aVIwV
Indonesia: More attacks on
1/ BIO TERROR! History, Present and Future....
Human experimentation, modern nightmares and lone madmen in the twentieth
2/ BIO TERROR! History, Present and Future....
The History of Biological Weapons Use:
What We Know and What We Don't. W. Seth
3/ BIO TERROR! History, Present and Future....
Biological Warfare in the 17th Century
W. Seth Carus
https://t.co/GEnU8fUC3m
and
Biological Warfare Plan in the 17th Century—the Siege of Candia,
4/ BIO TERROR! History, Present and Future....
Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa
https://t.co/BQZ8riLq1o
The 'Hittite Plague', an Epidemic of Tularemia and the First Record of Biological
5/ BIO TERROR! History, Present and Future....
The Plague of Athens: An Ancient Act of Bioterrorism?
https://t.co/YjiG4PspCA
Applying Modern Immunology to the Plague of
Ancient
Human experimentation, modern nightmares and lone madmen in the twentieth
2/ BIO TERROR! History, Present and Future....
The History of Biological Weapons Use:
What We Know and What We Don't. W. Seth
3/ BIO TERROR! History, Present and Future....
Biological Warfare in the 17th Century
W. Seth Carus
https://t.co/GEnU8fUC3m
and
Biological Warfare Plan in the 17th Century—the Siege of Candia,
4/ BIO TERROR! History, Present and Future....
Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa
https://t.co/BQZ8riLq1o
The 'Hittite Plague', an Epidemic of Tularemia and the First Record of Biological
5/ BIO TERROR! History, Present and Future....
The Plague of Athens: An Ancient Act of Bioterrorism?
https://t.co/YjiG4PspCA
Applying Modern Immunology to the Plague of
Ancient
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Department List of UCAS-China PROFESSORs for ANSO, CSC and UCAS (fully or partial) Scholarship Acceptance
1) UCAS School of physical sciences Professor
https://t.co/9X8OheIvRw
2) UCAS School of mathematical sciences Professor
3) UCAS School of nuclear sciences and technology
https://t.co/nQH8JnewcJ
4) UCAS School of astronomy and space sciences
https://t.co/7Ikc6CuKHZ
5) UCAS School of engineering
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7) Multi-scale Mechanics Teaching and Research Section
https://t.co/eqfQnX1LEQ
😎 Microgravity Science Teaching and Research
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https://t.co/tVIdKgTPl3
10) Department of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering
https://t.co/ubW4xhZY2R
11) Ocean Engineering Teaching and Research
12) Department of Dynamics and Advanced Manufacturing
https://t.co/42BKXEugGv
13) Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering Teaching and Research Office
https://t.co/pZdUXFTvw3
14) Power Machinery and Engineering Teaching and Research
1) UCAS School of physical sciences Professor
https://t.co/9X8OheIvRw
2) UCAS School of mathematical sciences Professor
3) UCAS School of nuclear sciences and technology
https://t.co/nQH8JnewcJ
4) UCAS School of astronomy and space sciences
https://t.co/7Ikc6CuKHZ
5) UCAS School of engineering
6) Geotechnical Engineering Teaching and Research Office
https://t.co/jBCJW7UKlQ
7) Multi-scale Mechanics Teaching and Research Section
https://t.co/eqfQnX1LEQ
😎 Microgravity Science Teaching and Research
9) High temperature gas dynamics teaching and research section
https://t.co/tVIdKgTPl3
10) Department of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering
https://t.co/ubW4xhZY2R
11) Ocean Engineering Teaching and Research
12) Department of Dynamics and Advanced Manufacturing
https://t.co/42BKXEugGv
13) Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering Teaching and Research Office
https://t.co/pZdUXFTvw3
14) Power Machinery and Engineering Teaching and Research