2. ORF8 or Fate?
"In addition to receptor binding, proteolytic cleavage of S & potentially other mutations that affect virion & trimer stability may be important for virus transmissibility in different hosts, & these factors need to be studied further."
https://t.co/oNHpIsiM4p
3. ORF8 or Fate?
Overwhelmingly these viruses had mutations or
29 deletions in ORF8 - associated with reduced replicative fitness of the virus.. may be associated with host adaptation
via
@CarltheChippy 382-nt deletion during early evolution of SARS-CoV
https://t.co/W5IQwDunCN
4. ORF8 or Fate?
@franciscodeasis reviewed the list of read filenames according to dates and labels:
- Sat 2017-06-03 (7896)
- Sat 2017-06-17 to Tue 2017-06-20 (7896 and ORF8)
- Thu 2018-09-27 to Sun 2018-09-30 (RaTG13)
- Mon 2018-10-08 to Sun 2018-10-14 (no label and TSS)
5. ORF8 or Fate?
What is ORF8? This is Orf8!
https://t.co/21ugtiinhL
6. ORF8 or Fate? keep on saying it!
orf8 NSP12 deletion found in India
https://t.co/1TQ9ftuToV https://t.co/ysNXp88dWf
7. ORF8 or Fate?
Via
@ConsciousEvolu1 What is critically important is that Orf8 and surface Glycoproteins create Porphyrin penetration of the Cell. Resulting in more Severe Infections, Bio-chemic Processes interuption, Heme cleavage and Hypoxia.
https://t.co/XyiU1879Rq
8. ORF8 or Fate?
via
@Rossana38510044 "The ORF8 Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Mediates Immune Evasion through Potently Downregulating MHC-I"
https://t.co/m9KY0Fkxkx
9. ORF8 or Fate?
"Immune evasion via SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein?"
https://t.co/oEncCgDDvb
10. ORF8 or Fate? Stress Trigger!
"However, 2 proteins (orf8 & orf10) in SARS-CoV-2 have no homologous proteins in SARS-CoV. The amino acid sequence of orf8 in SARS-CoV-2 is different from sequences of conserved orf8 or orf8b derived from human SARS-CoV"
https://t.co/Y76d3b3sH3
11.ORF8 or Fate! Coincidence? No, Trust a Me, it's Natural!
1. Orf8 "combined" with Orf10 to create a Porphyrin Heme Cleave and Orf8 Porphyrin Infectivity
2. WIV were already studying the RaTG13 and 7896 Clade Spike Proteins and Orf8 back in 2018
,
12. via
@CZilcho not a single live virus. genome looks like the version of a "virus" that has been compiled from known RaTG13 contigs & consensus seq from RmYN02 (ORF 1ab, 3a, E, M, 6, 7a) + some unknown seq (passaged viruses?) for S, & 3' from ORF8, N, using Shiver or similar.
13. ORF8 or Fate? ORF8 similarities
Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus
Ben Hu (2017)
https://t.co/foBWRXc0Fb Peppered with 91 references to Orf8
14. ORF8 or Fate? WIV ORF8 Experiments (2017)
Same paper as above
https://t.co/MMO6Br7XQK
15. ORF8 or Fate?
1. ORF8 enhances the viral replication.
2. enhanced ORF8s are main factors contributing to transmission, virulence and host adaptability of CoVs.
3. enhanced ORF8s increase the efficiencies in viral entry into cells and replication
https://t.co/spkLguszNZ
16. ORF8 or Fate?
Back in Time to an ORF8 rich bat cave with WIV and
@amicocolorido Distribution of SARSr-CoVs highly similar to SARS-CoV in the variable S, ORF3 and ORF8 genes in the single cave.
https://t.co/1jU1PaWVoP
17. Some naughty but nice ORF8y images collated by
@BidoliNicola https://t.co/8RQNrSndAs
18. ORF8 or Fate? Back to SARS
https://t.co/PDxyBfpGVg Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from Greater Horseshoe Bats through Recombination
https://t.co/c5Sxc23SiG
19. ORF8 or Fate?
Latest Findings - ORF8's secrets exposed
" two unique regions: one that is only present in SARS-CoV-2 and its immediate bat ancestor, and one that is absent from any other coronavirus,"
https://t.co/W1xdkYNBRc
20. ORF8 or Fate? WTF is this?
Paper referenced in above article:
The odd structure of ORF8: Mapping the coronavirus protein linked to disease severity
https://t.co/KXtjwScOJ3
21. ORF8 or Fate? via
@Harvard2H Divergence between Orf7a & Orf8 is exceptionally idiosyncratic, as Orf7a is more constrained, whereas Orf8 is subject to rampant change, a peculiar feature that may be related to hitherto unknown viral infection strategies
https://t.co/rskaNzlbXC
22. "Barring a Technical Artefact"
"Protein interactions of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit such a sharp contrast between Orf7a and Orf8 that, barring a technical artifact with respect to coverage..Orf7a generate variants, such as Orf8, wreaking havoc through immune evasion in the host cell"
23. ORF8 or Fate? via
@Undergroundsar3 ORF8 is involved somehow in apoptosis/viral cytolysis pathway and functions to optimize spread of virons while cloaking the infected host cell from CD8+ killer T-cell surveillance.
24. ORF8 or Fate?
@SBgrid 1. Solved structure of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 uncovers vital role in immune suppression & evasion
https://t.co/DNHkoOG9it 2. Covalent dimer is an "evolutionarily" recent addition unique to SARS-CoV-2
3. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 contains a large, unstructured insertion
25. ORF8 or Fate?
Question for Hans Kristian from
@Undergroundsar3 What are your thoughts on the CD8+ t-cell story in the milieu of the host (vs. test tube humoral only neutralization assays) where ORF8 is expressed?
https://t.co/pka3kgY9kA Referenicing:
https://t.co/cc4hZdk3SY
26. Added Bonus: DIY ORF8
https://t.co/R5ZUPJNMFf
27. ORF8 or Fate?
Evolutionary dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 accessory gene
https://t.co/R2PvNsVleu
28. ORF8 or Fate?
Characterization of accessory genes in coronavirus genomes
https://t.co/Rwehz9SEDS
29. ORF8 or Fate? To be or not to be?
SARS-CoV-2 variants combining spike mutations & absence of ORF8 may be more transmissible & require close monitoring
https://t.co/yWNSdWqMBr SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny highlighting ORF8-deficient variants resulting from nonsense mutation E64stop.