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Been seeing a lot of discussions about the history of 🇵🇭 police forces (like 👇) but what hasn't been mentioned so far are their connections to the revolutionary Katipunan. Some surrendered Katipunan officers were absorbed in the colonial policing apparatus 1/11
The 2 examples I know are Licerio Geronimo and Juan Cailles. *I wouldn't know these if I hadn't done research for my chapter in this book here: 2/11
Gen. Licerio Geronimo is credited w/ the death of Major Gen. Henry Lawton, the highest ranking American officer to be killed in the Philippine-American War, during the Battle of San Mateo. But after surrendering in 1901 he joined the PC & was instrumental in the defeat ... 3/11
...of his former comrades, most notably Gen. Luciano San Miguel, a veteran of the 1896 revolution who continued to battle the Americans until his death in 1903. He had been routed by Geronimo's troops but San Miguel preferred to die on the battlefield than be taken alive. 4/11
Juan Cailles, like Geronimo, was a Katipunan commander who surrendered to the Americans in 1901. He was then appointed governor of Laguna and enjoyed several years of being a local politician. But in the 1930s, in the midst of landlessness and social unrest... 5/11
The police in the Philippines is not the product of democracy. The Philippine Constabulary (PC), from which the Integrated National Police (INP) and later the Philippine National Police (PNP, as a merger of PC and INP) was created, is a gendarmerie created by US colonists. 1/
— James Miraflor (@futilityfunc) December 21, 2020
The 2 examples I know are Licerio Geronimo and Juan Cailles. *I wouldn't know these if I hadn't done research for my chapter in this book here: 2/11
Gen. Licerio Geronimo is credited w/ the death of Major Gen. Henry Lawton, the highest ranking American officer to be killed in the Philippine-American War, during the Battle of San Mateo. But after surrendering in 1901 he joined the PC & was instrumental in the defeat ... 3/11
...of his former comrades, most notably Gen. Luciano San Miguel, a veteran of the 1896 revolution who continued to battle the Americans until his death in 1903. He had been routed by Geronimo's troops but San Miguel preferred to die on the battlefield than be taken alive. 4/11
Juan Cailles, like Geronimo, was a Katipunan commander who surrendered to the Americans in 1901. He was then appointed governor of Laguna and enjoyed several years of being a local politician. But in the 1930s, in the midst of landlessness and social unrest... 5/11
"You know you are in the Upside Down when a famous human-rights organisation petitions your government to disenfranchise you and members of your group, to stop you from engaging in peaceful actions and voicing your concerns and opinions."
"If any man can fill out a form, as is the case in Ireland, and legally become a woman ‘for all purposes’, that is not a legal fiction. That is an access-all-areas pass for predators...
...This is not to say that trans-identified people are predators. But it is to say, if predators went through the seminary to gain access to victims, are we to believe they would not fill out an A4 form?"
"That is the essence of self-ID: it affirms the wishes of the trans-identified person. Even if they are a rapist..Or a man who wants access to female-only spaces for the buzz of the transgression. This system is harmful to all of society – including genuine transsexuals."
"We do not accept that males, regardless of how they identify, should have access to female toilets, changing rooms, hospital wards or refuges. This is not a conservative viewpoint. This is the fundamental basis on which we order society."
Amnesty is petitioning the media and the government to silence campaigners like me who are concerned about gender self-identification. Trans ideology has become the new theocracy, and we are cast out like witches, says @anliathluachrahttps://t.co/pTmqRVNU8V
— spiked (@spikedonline) December 17, 2020
"If any man can fill out a form, as is the case in Ireland, and legally become a woman ‘for all purposes’, that is not a legal fiction. That is an access-all-areas pass for predators...
...This is not to say that trans-identified people are predators. But it is to say, if predators went through the seminary to gain access to victims, are we to believe they would not fill out an A4 form?"
"That is the essence of self-ID: it affirms the wishes of the trans-identified person. Even if they are a rapist..Or a man who wants access to female-only spaces for the buzz of the transgression. This system is harmful to all of society – including genuine transsexuals."
"We do not accept that males, regardless of how they identify, should have access to female toilets, changing rooms, hospital wards or refuges. This is not a conservative viewpoint. This is the fundamental basis on which we order society."
It is a FACT that GOI accepts that there are faults worthy of amendments. This leads is to an entire new discussion that govt still isn’t willing to believe that there are implementation faults & not just faults in the clauses.
The eyewash that the proposal is aimed to put better clauses in place. A very nice example is contract farming column itself. GOI proposal suggests that ‘PAN card registration will continue but state govt can register the trader if it WANTS to- literally shifting onus to state.
Another example is that onus is shifted on farmer himself to go to the higher court with his expenses. The trader can choose to go to SDM at primary level. Both the options are kept open. This amendment proposal is literally a joke.
Regarding the MSP, govt proposal nowhere cites that it will be assured at C2+50 formula. It is indicated that a written assurance will be given. This is very ambiguous for govt with legal battery of dozens. And disappointing too.
There are concerns on payment systems that haven’t been addressed in the proposal and have been kept as ‘as per understanding between trader and farmer’. This is ambiguous again. Why isn’t DBT assured at govt agency procurement?
So, if the government has accepted that the bills had these flaws where do those people stand who were defending them as perfect?
— smg (@sialmirzagoraya) December 9, 2020
The eyewash that the proposal is aimed to put better clauses in place. A very nice example is contract farming column itself. GOI proposal suggests that ‘PAN card registration will continue but state govt can register the trader if it WANTS to- literally shifting onus to state.
Another example is that onus is shifted on farmer himself to go to the higher court with his expenses. The trader can choose to go to SDM at primary level. Both the options are kept open. This amendment proposal is literally a joke.
Regarding the MSP, govt proposal nowhere cites that it will be assured at C2+50 formula. It is indicated that a written assurance will be given. This is very ambiguous for govt with legal battery of dozens. And disappointing too.
There are concerns on payment systems that haven’t been addressed in the proposal and have been kept as ‘as per understanding between trader and farmer’. This is ambiguous again. Why isn’t DBT assured at govt agency procurement?
THREAD
I received numerous questions regarding my yesterday’s post. Why regional transmission projects are always given priority over the development of indigenous generation, knowing that Afghanistan will remain dependent on imported power? What went wrong?
I have already described the disadvantages of relying on imported electricity in this thread👇.
The legitimate question we all have is, why did the Afghan government and international donors opt for bringing electricity from the neighboring countries?
The answer is not easy and includes a mix of bureaucratic, social, economic and political considerations. Since 2002, energy sector planning efforts have been undertaken by a number of international development partners.
This has allowed for significant levels of investment and expertise to be placed in the service of Afghanistan's power sector. At the same time, the role of the Afghan government has often been marginal, as a plethora of donors have pursued their own agendas and projects.
As a result, this has led to a lack of coordination, off-budget project financing, insufficient planning and prioritization of projects, and a process that has lent itself to wasteful spending and unmet goals.
I received numerous questions regarding my yesterday’s post. Why regional transmission projects are always given priority over the development of indigenous generation, knowing that Afghanistan will remain dependent on imported power? What went wrong?
I have already described the disadvantages of relying on imported electricity in this thread👇.
The legitimate question we all have is, why did the Afghan government and international donors opt for bringing electricity from the neighboring countries?
THREAD
— Mohsin Amin (@MohsinAmin_) July 27, 2020
The electricity-exporting countries Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Iran mostly sell their surplus electricity to Afghanistan. When they no longer have a surplus, they stop supplying.
The answer is not easy and includes a mix of bureaucratic, social, economic and political considerations. Since 2002, energy sector planning efforts have been undertaken by a number of international development partners.
This has allowed for significant levels of investment and expertise to be placed in the service of Afghanistan's power sector. At the same time, the role of the Afghan government has often been marginal, as a plethora of donors have pursued their own agendas and projects.
As a result, this has led to a lack of coordination, off-budget project financing, insufficient planning and prioritization of projects, and a process that has lent itself to wasteful spending and unmet goals.
Good Question.
It is important to understand that GR was not specifically meant for Pb ONLY and was attempted in other parts of country. Important to know that three things played important role
1. British Canal system.
2. Land holdings size
3. Nature of cultivating population.
Contrary to what most people think about GR and that it suddenly took place in 1960, the truth is that country had to build on to actually enable something of the scale of GR. The work had started from 1939 onwards.
So we could have had GR in 1950s itself, an intensive program was launched in 1952 with Ford funding that identified 5,50,000 villages in India over Pb, UP, Kr, MP, MH for GR. But the program never saw light because a team of agronomists visited india and found that-
-It is not possible to make headway into 5,50,000 villages at the same time. They also found that irrigation is not same in all the areas, the soil texture varies in all areas and people have different indigenous varieties as well. In addition to this the rainfall varies as well.
So the program was called off and instead in 1960, almost 8yrs later, IADP mission with 15 districts one in each state was identified for GR. Ludhiana was chosen in Pb for its better mix of urban and rural demographics. It also had small scale industrial units like cycles etc.
It is important to understand that GR was not specifically meant for Pb ONLY and was attempted in other parts of country. Important to know that three things played important role
1. British Canal system.
2. Land holdings size
3. Nature of cultivating population.
Always had the question \u201cwhy punjab was chosen for GR and not UP/MO\u201d. Thanks for touching base.
— Rahul Duggal \U0001f426 (@rahulduggal18) December 28, 2020
Regarding Pepsico, further reading suggests it was forced into food processing by GOI to allow pepsi to sell colas. Hence once markets opened after \u201891, they bailed out. You missed it.
Contrary to what most people think about GR and that it suddenly took place in 1960, the truth is that country had to build on to actually enable something of the scale of GR. The work had started from 1939 onwards.
So we could have had GR in 1950s itself, an intensive program was launched in 1952 with Ford funding that identified 5,50,000 villages in India over Pb, UP, Kr, MP, MH for GR. But the program never saw light because a team of agronomists visited india and found that-
-It is not possible to make headway into 5,50,000 villages at the same time. They also found that irrigation is not same in all the areas, the soil texture varies in all areas and people have different indigenous varieties as well. In addition to this the rainfall varies as well.
So the program was called off and instead in 1960, almost 8yrs later, IADP mission with 15 districts one in each state was identified for GR. Ludhiana was chosen in Pb for its better mix of urban and rural demographics. It also had small scale industrial units like cycles etc.