BC POLLUTION
Saved by @Alex1Powell

The report that has been my life for months now finally came out today, and it has heaps of useful info.

I've been working in the space for years, and even I was shocked some the things I found.

I'm going to step through some bits I think will help others in threads.👇

 The report has its key findings.

They are perfectly serviceable - and were written by the comms geniuses at @climatecouncil - but if I'm summarising this multifaceted report in a single sentence:

Gas is more harmful than you know, and very much more unnecessary than you think.
Let's start with harmful.

Gas is harmful in two key ways: Bad for the climate and bad for jobs.

I've had a long day, so I am *just* going to do harmful to the climate tonight.

This really is a bumper report, and I'm paid to say that it has a lot to recommend it.
Gas is primarily made of methane. This makes it both a fossil fuel and a greenhouse gas in its own right.

First and crucially: To arrest the continued destabilisation of the global climate we must prevent the burning of fossil fuels in every instance where it is possible.
There's no room left in the global carbon budget for running a protection racket on your favourite fossil fuel. Anyone campaigning for the Volunteer Gas Industry Safety Brigade needs to have their claims scrutinised in the context of the climate harms already seen.
Australia is running a fever. The country's temperature is 1.44°C above where is was in 1910, and there is worse to come.

At that temperature, we've seen unprecedented drought, which @ClimateNerilie and colleagues have shown is linked to the destabilisation of the climate.
We've seen the third mass bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef in 5 years, which people like @ProfTerryHughes and @oveHG (along with *many* others) have documented.

@AndrewKingClim showed that this kind of event was 'almost impossible' without the destabilisation of the climate.
And then we've seen Black Summer.

I don't want to quantify that again. It's too much.

If you need to read it, it's on pages 4-5: https://t.co/SHtBbqA3LX
This *is* fossil fuels.

This *is* coal. This *is* oil. This *is* gas.

Gas is now the world's fastest growing fossil fuel and increases its burden on the global atmosphere every year.

Expanding gas production puts Australians in harm's way.

Making it your pet fuel is weird.
But the thing that really gets to me is the bullshit that is spread about gas in the process of advocating for it as the friendly, sunny way to bring about ever-worsening climate harms.

This trend happens across the world, but Australia is *just so good* at swallowing it
That brings us to the second point: Australia doesn't really require *measurement* of the full climate impact of the gas industry.

Instead, we estimate, using 'emissions factors'. Emissions factors aren't necessarily problematic, if they are done right.

They aren't done right.
The emissions factors used in Australia are, for the most part, based on a single (extensive!) assessment the was conducted in the USA in 1992.

A 3-decade-old study, conducted on a different continent at a time where the unconventional gas industry barely existed. Awesome.
Periodically, these factors are confirmed as appropriate for the 21st century Australian gas industry in non-peer-reviewed, gas-industry funded studies with small sample sizes.

👍
After that, we also fail to account for the impact of the methane correctly. I went through this in a piece with @adamlmorton, and took a bit of a deep dive into the numbers afterward in the thread that starts in this.
https://t.co/b4Inh9IN5y
.@zebnicholls and I explained it a bit more here in this piece, as well. https://t.co/wPE9jxJDVj
The report steps through that again, in the context of the gas industry.

Then there's my favourite new bit. We *also* recalculated the emissions intensity of gas power station on the NEM (Vic, Tas, ACT, almost all of NSW, major populated regions of SA, Qld) and SWIS (SW WA).
You know how you've heard that gas is half of the emissions of coal?

No. Sorry. That is not true. It is a big fudge and reality is more complicated.

Gas-fired generators vary greatly by technology type.
The generation types that are more efficient (steam, CCGT) are the types that are less-suitable to a 21st century grid.

The ones that ramp-up and down are arguably more useful (OCGT and reciprocating), but are nowhere near half the emissions of coal.
But *just* relying on the volume weighted averages in the table above is deeply misleading. The ten least efficient generators on the grid all rival the emissions intensity of coal. Here is their emissions intensities over FY16-FY19.
I'm really tired, and it has been a long day - but a good one - I will offer plenty more from the report.

If you want to read ahead though, try this: https://t.co/8eE37s6yFa
And I haven't chucked a plug out there for a while, but if you like what I do and want to support it: https://t.co/9kHxb2t2lI

You May Also Like

Elizabeth May
Elizabeth May
@_ElizabethMay
This is NONSENSE. The people who take photos with their books on instagram are known to be voracious readers who graciously take time to review books and recommend them to their followers. Part of their medium is to take elaborate, beautiful photos of books. Die mad, Guardian.


THEY DO READ THEM, YOU JUDGY, RACOON-PICKED TRASH BIN


If you come for Bookstagram, i will fight you.

In appreciation, here are some of my favourite bookstagrams of my books: (photos by lit_nerd37, mybookacademy, bookswrotemystory, and scorpio_books)
FUN
Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
THE BATTLE OF SARAIGHAT (1671)

Lachit Borphukan's humiliation of Aurangzeb.

The battle of Saraighat was a naval engagement fought on the Brahmaputra river near Saraighat between the M0ghul empire and Ahom kingdom in 1671.

Guts, resolve and glory!

(Elaborate thread)


Koch was a state situated between the dominions of M0ghuls and Ahoms. For Ahoms, it was a buffer state for keeping M0ghul territorial expansions at bay.(1)

Times changed when the ruler of the Koch kingdom, Nara Narayana passed away in 1587 resulting in Koch being divided into 2. Western Koch was ruled by his son Lakshmi Narayan and the eastern Koch by his nephew, Raghudev.(2)

Lakshmi Narayan formed an alliance with M0ghuls after which he attacked Parikshit, son of Raghudev, in 1602. Parikshit Narayan was defeated while his brother Bali Narayan took refuge in the Ahom Kingdom.(3)

The M0ghuls used it as a pretext to invade Ahom kingdom. The first battle between them took place in 1615 leading to a series of engagements in which both sides had their shares of ups and downs resulting in a stalemate.(4)
ALL
Advertisement
Jaya_Upadhyaya
Jaya_Upadhyaya
@Jayalko1
SRI KALAHASTI KSHETRAM, CHITTOOR (AP)
#bharatmandir

Panchbhootasthalam representing vayu element, also called Dakshin Kailasha.
As per Shiva’s boon, Vayu is incarnated here as Shiva and worshipped as Kalahasteeswara.
The kshetram is also associated with Rahu and Ketu.


The Kshetram is named after 3 devotees of Shiva- a snake, spider and elephant who worshipped a lingam in the forest. Elephant did jal abhishek with water from its trunk, spider protected it from dust by weaving a web on it and snake adorned it with his jewel.
@GunduHuDuGa


Once, the web and jewel got washed away when elephant sprayed water on the lingam. Angered snake entered elephant’s trunk and bit him but died in the process. The agitated elephant trampled the spider accidentally. Shiva gave moksha to all three.


Hence the name-Sri for Spider, kaal for snake n hasti for elephant.

Shiv bhakt Kanappa is said to have plucked his own eye to put it on the lingam here when he saw blood oozing from the eye on the lingam
This place is the ultimate location for Rahu Kethu Sarpa Dosha Nivarana.
ALL
History Of Rajputana
History Of Rajputana
@KshatriyaItihas
**Thread on Bravery of Sikhs**
(I am forced to do this due to continuous hounding of Sikh Extremists since yesterday)

Rani Jindan Kaur, wife of Maharaja Ranjit Singh had illegitimate relations with Lal Singh (PM of Ranjit Singh). Along with Lal Singh, she attacked Jammu, burnt - https://t.co/EfjAq59AyI


Hindu villages of Jasrota, caused rebellion in Jammu, attacked Kishtwar.

Ancestors of Raja Ranjit Singh, The Sansi Tribe used to give daughters as concubines to Jahangir.


The Ludhiana Political Agency (Later NW Fronties Prov) was formed by less than 4000 British soldiers who advanced from Delhi and reached Ludhiana, receiving submissions of all sikh chiefs along the way. The submission of the troops of Raja of Lahore (Ranjit Singh) at Ambala.

Dabistan a contemporary book on Sikh History tells us that Guru Hargobind broke Naina devi Idol Same source describes Guru Hargobind serving a eunuch
YarKhan. (ref was proudly shared by a sikh on twitter)
Gobind Singh followed Bahadur Shah to Deccan to fight for him.


In Zafarnama, Guru Gobind Singh states that the reason he was in conflict with the Hill Rajas was that while they were worshiping idols, while he was an idol-breaker.

And idiot Hindus place him along Maharana, Prithviraj and Shivaji as saviours of Dharma.
HISTORY
Engineer Who
Engineer Who
@Engr_Who
A long but must read thread. Udaybhan Rathore and myth making in Maratha history: An analysis. This is the thread on Udaybhan Rathore, who he was and how over the time period, his life was portrayed in maratha chronicles and pseudo history. (1/n)

Udaybhan rathore was the head of Bhinai thikana (84 villages) in Ajmer. He was the direct descendant of the famous Rao Chandrasen, Raja of Marwar (4th generation) who resisted Akbar all his life and never made any alliance with mughals like Maharana Pratap. (2/n)

Later in 1783, Maharaja of Jodhpur gave title of Raja to Bhinai family for their military service. Bhinai family and their direct descendant Raja Sh Mayuraj Singh still lives in Ajmer. Anyway coming to Udaybhan Rathore and story of Tanaji. (3/n)

Jai Singh's march on Shivaji and treaty of Purandar (1665) is a well known episode to repeat here. After getting the hill forts from Shivaji under the treaty, Jai Singh didn't have enough man-power to man every one of the small forts because of his next (4/n)

campaign against Bijapur. Jai Singh personally took over a couple of important forts like Kondhana (Sinhgarh), Purandar etc. Others were given to some mughals or their fortification walls destroyed. Jai Singh died in 1667 near Burhanpur while enroute to the north. (5/n)
INDIA