BC EDUCATION
Saved by @jay_millerjay

Normally I enjoy the high standards of journalism in @guardian . Not today as disappointed with misleading headline that suggest infections are spreading fastest in children. It'll worry parents/teachers & I doubt most readers will unpick the

 The latest REACT1 report shows prevalence of infection in ALL age groups has fallen, including children aged 5-12 from 1.59% in Round 8 to 0.86% in Round 9a. The authors of REACT1 report also (wisely) didn't try to interpret the prevalence figures.
2/
https://t.co/SR9PioFNHd
If this were a research trial you wouldn't place much weight on the age differences in % prevalence because of the wide confidence intervals, i.e. differences weren't statistically significant.
3/
I've previously tweeted on the challenges (& dangers) of interpreting surveillance data. One would need lots more contextual info to make sense of it & arrive at sound conclusions.
4/
https://t.co/CRW6uFXUdf
Undoubtedly some will extrapolate from the prevalence of infection figures in children to other settings i.e. schools based on the headline. I'd advise caution as there is a real risk of over-interpretation through extrapolation of limited data. Association is not causation.
5/
What REACT1 can’t tell us is how infectious children are or how much child infections drive the pandemic. Finding viral RNA on PCR from a child tells you nothing about how much virus they are shedding. Neither can it tell you the direction of transmisison (who infected who).
6/
Those of us in public health are well familiar with Bradford Hill criteria for causation that outlines key factors to consider. It would make sense to apply this approach to this issue.
7/
Is there CONSISTENCY? What’s been reported has been mixed, but @ECDC_EU , @CDCgov , @RCPCHtweets & other expert review groups have concluded the balance of evidence suggests kids aren't key transmitters of infection.
https://t.co/llVkHkwrRS
https://t.co/c8oOgua9FE
8/
Is the SPECIFICITY of the association or are there other confounders? Indeed the REACT1 report clearly show there are multiple other drivers such as deprivation & household size, etc...

9/
What about TEMPORAL SEQUENCE, i.e. does a rise in school outbreaks then follow a rise in community outbreaks? We aren’t seeing that.
https://t.co/VPbAmsbApG
10/
For me what also matters is PLAUSIBILITY & COHERENCE with what is known about the natural history and biology of the disease. Studies have shown that kids, being smaller, produce far fewer aerosols than adults. They also shed less virus than others.
https://t.co/Rv1e2VfJi6
11/
And also

https://t.co/GHa0FoJ34m
https://t.co/vW1b7j9p9j

And we know symptomatic persons shed more virus. So it follows that an adult is more likely to infect a child than the other way.
https://t.co/NpVoTakbzs

12/
This isn't to say that infections from children to adults don’t happen. Of course they do, but at much lower levels than the other way around. We mustn't lose sight of the fact that adults still account for the bulk of infections.

13/
We know that of all settings, household transmission is the highest risk. If infection is introduced into the household the majority of household members are likely to get infected. Community transmission matters.
https://t.co/OvWN28MZ0Y
https://t.co/fEOOvn6eE0

14/
This in no way refutes need for public health measures in schools to reduce risks of infection. Yes precautionary principle is important but need to balance both benefits & harms. Measures must be proportionate to actual (rather than perceived) risk.
https://t.co/VkugKMnS9R

15/
See also @apsmunro's excellent thread that outlines the evidence base.

https://t.co/VkugKMnS9R

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An appallingly tardy response to such an important element of reading - apologies. The growing recognition of fluency as the crucial developmental area for primary education is certainly encouraging helping us move away from the obsession with reading comprehension tests.


It is, as you suggest, a nuanced pedagogy with the tripartite algorithm of rate, accuracy and prosody at times conflating the landscape and often leading to an educational shrug of the shoulders, a convenient abdication of responsibility and a return to comprehension 'skills'.

Taking each element separately (but not hierarchically) may be helpful but always remembering that for fluency they occur simultaneously (not dissimilar to sentence structure, text structure and rhetoric in fluent writing).

Rate, or words-read-per-minute, is the easiest. Faster reading speeds are EVIDENCE of fluency development but attempting to 'teach' children(or anyone) to read faster is fallacious (Carver, 1985) and will result in processing deficit which in young readers will be catastrophic.

Reading rate is dependent upon eye-movements and cognitive processing development along with orthographic development (more on this later).
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I held back from commenting overnight to chew it over, but I am still saddened by comments during a presentation I attended yesterday by Prof @trishgreenhalgh & @CIHR_IMHA.

The topic was “LongCovid, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis & More”.
I quote from memory.
1/n
#MECFS #LongCovid


The bulk of Prof @Trishgreenhalgh’s presentation was on the importance of recognising LongCovid patient’s symptoms, and pathways for patients which recognised their condition as real. So far so good.

She was asked about “Post Exertional Malaise”... 2/n

PEM has been reported by many patients, and is the hallmark symptom of ME/CFS, leading many to query whether LongCovid and ME/CFS are similar or have overlapping mechanisms.

@Trishgreenhalgh acknowledged the new @NiceComms advice for LongCovid was planned to complement... 3/n

the ME/CFS guidelines, acknowledging some similarities.

Then it all went wrong.
@TrishGreenhalgh noted the changes to the @NiceComms guidance for ME/CFS, removing support for Graded Exercise Therapy / Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. She noted there is a big debate about this. 4/n

That is correct: The BMJ published Prof Lynne Turner Stokes’ column criticising the change (Prof Turner-Stokes is a key proponent of GET/CBT, and I suspect is known to Prof @TrishGreenhalgh).

https://t.co/0enH8TFPoe

However Prof Greenhalgh then went off-piste.

5/n
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Tes
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Given @GavinWilliamson failure to apologise this week for 'last-minute' decisions on schools policy during the pandemic, we thought it might be useful to put to together one handy thread of every U-turn from the @educationgovuk since April last

Free school meals will come up a lot in this thread, but here is the first governmental U-turn before the Easter Holidays. (2/43) #FSM

.@educationgovuk then decided not to fund #FSM in the following half-term break, they changed their minds after a public outcry.

Taking a break from #FSM, we head straight into the #Alevels2020 exams debacle, with Scotland’s grade U-turn putting pressure on the @educationgovuk (4/43)

Ministers in Westminster were determined not to U-turn
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Michael Adebayo \U0001f1f3\U0001f1ec\U0001f1eb\U0001f1f7
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As you may know, asides sharing graduate school opportunities, I like to share practical insights and directional content that will give you a sense of what you are missing or not missing.

Serving you below:

HOW TO LEVERAGE "OPO" for grad school applications 👇

- A THREAD

2) OPO is an initialism coined from "Other People's Opportunities". This means you will be leveraging opportunities specific to others to your advantage. After this thread, you will stop asking:

"Can you share scholarships for Atmospheric Social Law"? 😂

(you get the drift).

3) PROCESS:

A) Once someone shares an opportunity. Say @olumuyiwaayo, @Jamaticulus or @AaronAkpuPhilip or myself shares an opportunity on our timeline, the first thing to do is to locate the name of the university and the country it is located.

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Okay, #MAEdu, let's talk FY22 and the Student Opportunity Act: https://t.co/o1tgppGy4K


First up:

The FIRST year, Governor Baker?

This is the second year of SOA implementation: you're missing one.


So, are we going to do this in six years, or are we just going to kick the can ANOTHER year on kids?

Remember, school funding is builds on prior years.

We never get that missing funding back.


Also: what are the base numbers being used?

Is the Governor dropping enrollment, even though we all know that was an artificial drop?


There's a decent chance that a WHOLE bunch of those kindergartner and preschoolers are going to be back this fall if we manage to get kids into buildings, PLUS we'll have the USUAL enrollment of preK and K!

...and less funding than usual?
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