BC BREXIT
Saved by @Alex1Powell

What's in the EU-UK Brexit deal on energy?

It may be Boxing day, but I've had a quick look

 Title VIII: Energy is the key section (page 156 onwards)

▶️ Standard stuff on commitment to competition, unbundling and customer choice

▶️ UK Capacity Market no longer needs to try to integrate overseas Capacity providers & vice versa

(Article ENER.6, Clause 3, page. 160)

2/
▶️ Existing "exemptions" for selected interconnectors will continue to apply.

This means that these interconnectors can continue to sell capacity rights ahead of time, rather than all through close to real-time markets.

(Article ENER.11, page 162)

3/
▶️ No network charges on individual interconnector transactions (as now)

▶️ But, UK cannot participate in EU procedures for capacity allocation and congestion management (more on this later)

(Article ENER.13, page 163)

4/
Gas trading: looks like the UK stays in the existing PRISMA gas trading platform.

Not my specialist area, but is this because PRISMA isn't an EU institution (unlike electricity market coupling)?

https://t.co/5GQJtZDpTa

(Article ENER. 15, page 164)

5/
▶️ Network development: Parties to cooperate, including on interconnectors, but not much detail.
▶️ Security of Supply: Parties to cooperate, again not much detail. Can't see any references to a solidarity principle.

(Articles ENER. 16 and ENER. 17, page 165)

6/
Cooperation between TSOs & Regulators:
- UK TSOs (i.e. National Grid) to cooperate with EU TSOs through cooperation with ENTSO-E and ENTSOG but not membership
- UK regulator (@Ofgem) to cooperate with EU regulators through ACER. Again, no UK membership

(Articles ENER.19+20)

7/
New cooperation forum between UK and EU on offshore renewable energy.

Looks like UK no longer a member of North Seas Energy Cooperation, so a new forum is needed.

(Article ENER 23, page 169-170).

See summary of our report on Future of North Sea :
https://t.co/Qgh8b2p0yZ

8/
Final provisions, incl. termination (!)

Title on Energy ceases on 30 June 2026. Although can be extended to 31 March 2027 & again to 31 March 2028.

Seems linked to general termination provisions of the deal, including a reference to 🐟🐟 (Article FISH.17)

(ENER 33, p.172)

9/
Onto Annexes. Only Annex ENER-4 is interesting. Covers day-ahead market coupling over interconnectors.

Market coupling ceases on 1 Jan 2021. Will be replaced by April'22 with "Multi-region loose volume coupling"

New term for many https://t.co/oSVDDiWFw9

Annex ENER-4 p.784

10/
If I understand it correctly, new system will produce net flows on the interconnectors, rather than prices.

Creates a risk that interconnectors flow the "wrong way" (i.e. from high prices to low prices).

Algorithm is separate to EU day-ahead market coupling (EUPHEMIA)

11/
Timeline to develop new system:
▶️ By April 2021: CBA and outline technical proposals
▶️ By November 2021: Technical proposals
▶️ By April 2022: System starts operating

p.785

12/
Other provisions in the deal:

▶️ New Specialised Committee on Energy to discuss/implement some bits of the energy title and annexes (page 12)

▶️ Commitment to carbon pricing in the section on "level playing field"

[Title XI, Article 7.3, page 202]

13/
Overall:
▶️ Lots of sensible provisions, much to gain for both sides
▶️ Market coupling will be weaker, even with new system (Apr 2022)
▶️ Welcome focus on North Sea
▶️ Need to understand more on termination provisions

See more in our recent paper:
https://t.co/KEXNIWvAHJ

14/14

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How to make sense of the increasing number of UK-EU trade disruption stories?

In short - outside of a single market product checks and people working restrictions are inevitable. And outside a customs union you will have tariffs and / or rules of origin.

Detail ---> 1/

The UK decided to leave a Customs Union. Within that Customs Union, no tariffs, just a common external tariff or preferential rates for bilateral deals or developing countries. Hence, distribution hubs in one country for all make a lot of sense. 2/

Outside a Customs Union our choice was tariffs under WTO rules or remove them subject to rules of origin with a deal. We chose the latter, but it means we can't just import from China, rebadge, and get zero tariffs from the EU. As we could until December 31. 3/

Net result of being outside of the Customs Union - it no longer makes sense for the UK to be a distribution hub for the whole of Europe. Particularly when so many neighbouring countries remain in it. No trade deal changes that. 4/

Now, product checks, of the sort causing problems for food exporters (see Scottish seafood). In the single market, we shared regulations, so a safe product in the UK was safe in France. No inspections. We chose to leave that system, as we want to change some regulations. 5/
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