1/9 $LUNA at $8.50. Not too surprising.

LUNA is valuable because it controls the Terra 2 network via governance.

Governance in Terra 2 is actually democratic. No single entity owns a majority of the LUNA, so it makes sense to accumulate LUNA for governance. 🧵

2/9 Most notable thing Terra 2 governance controls is the community pool. At 200MM LUNA, it's already worth more than a billion dollars.

It's reasonable to assume rival entities have their eye on Terra 2, and would like to control it. But to do so they need to buy LUNA.
3/9 For Terra 1, it didn't make sense to accumulate LUNA for governance, as TFL owned 50% of supply and almost always got what they wanted.

Same with AVAX, SOL, etc. Those networks are not democratic. Voting is pointless, as supply is extremely concentrated in few hands.
4/9 With Terra 2, supply is widely distributed, not concentrated. So voting actually means something.

For the first time ever on an alternative smart contract platform it makes sense for entities to accumulate the native asset for the purpose of governance.
5/9 If the powers that controlled Terra 1 want to have the same control over Terra 2, they will have to accumulate significant amounts of new LUNA that was airdropped to retail.

What can you do if you control the network?
6/9 Spend the community pool however you want, change staking rewards, change transaction fees, make a new native stablecoin, do a multi-million dollar sponsorship deal with a sports team, etc.

Pretty much all parameters are alterable.
7/9 LUNA has no other value, by the way.

It collects transaction fees, but those will probably always be negligible.

It gets a staking yield, by since that's inflationary it's better to view it as a dilution punishment for not staking rather than a reward for staking.
8/9 Instead of having centralized control like all the other alt L1s, what we will probably see with Terra 2 is several entities attempting to control the network through accumulation of LUNA.

Remind you of anything? Curve Wars.
9/9 Avalanche, Solana, Near are basically dictatorships controlled by central committees.

Terra 2, on the other hand, is a true democracy. Supply is widely distributed, governance will actually mean something.

How valuable is decentralization really?

We're about to find out.

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https://t.co/6cRR2B3jBE
Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.

https://t.co/FBfXhUrH5d


Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.


...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.


Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.
How can we use language supervision to learn better visual representations for robotics?

Introducing Voltron: Language-Driven Representation Learning for Robotics!

Paper: https://t.co/gIsRPtSjKz
Models: https://t.co/NOB3cpATYG
Evaluation: https://t.co/aOzQu95J8z

🧵👇(1 / 12)


Videos of humans performing everyday tasks (Something-Something-v2, Ego4D) offer a rich and diverse resource for learning representations for robotic manipulation.

Yet, an underused part of these datasets are the rich, natural language annotations accompanying each video. (2/12)

The Voltron framework offers a simple way to use language supervision to shape representation learning, building off of prior work in representations for robotics like MVP (
https://t.co/Pb0mk9hb4i) and R3M (https://t.co/o2Fkc3fP0e).

The secret is *balance* (3/12)

Starting with a masked autoencoder over frames from these video clips, make a choice:

1) Condition on language and improve our ability to reconstruct the scene.

2) Generate language given the visual representation and improve our ability to describe what's happening. (4/12)

By trading off *conditioning* and *generation* we show that we can learn 1) better representations than prior methods, and 2) explicitly shape the balance of low and high-level features captured.

Why is the ability to shape this balance important? (5/12)

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This is a pretty valiant attempt to defend the "Feminist Glaciology" article, which says conventional wisdom is wrong, and this is a solid piece of scholarship. I'll beg to differ, because I think Jeffery, here, is confusing scholarship with "saying things that seem right".


The article is, at heart, deeply weird, even essentialist. Here, for example, is the claim that proposing climate engineering is a "man" thing. Also a "man" thing: attempting to get distance from a topic, approaching it in a disinterested fashion.


Also a "man" thing—physical courage. (I guess, not quite: physical courage "co-constitutes" masculinist glaciology along with nationalism and colonialism.)


There's criticism of a New York Times article that talks about glaciology adventures, which makes a similar point.


At the heart of this chunk is the claim that glaciology excludes women because of a narrative of scientific objectivity and physical adventure. This is a strong claim! It's not enough to say, hey, sure, sounds good. Is it true?
A brief analysis and comparison of the CSS for Twitter's PWA vs Twitter's legacy desktop website. The difference is dramatic and I'll touch on some reasons why.

Legacy site *downloads* ~630 KB CSS per theme and writing direction.

6,769 rules
9,252 selectors
16.7k declarations
3,370 unique declarations
44 media queries
36 unique colors
50 unique background colors
46 unique font sizes
39 unique z-indices

https://t.co/qyl4Bt1i5x


PWA *incrementally generates* ~30 KB CSS that handles all themes and writing directions.

735 rules
740 selectors
757 declarations
730 unique declarations
0 media queries
11 unique colors
32 unique background colors
15 unique font sizes
7 unique z-indices

https://t.co/w7oNG5KUkJ


The legacy site's CSS is what happens when hundreds of people directly write CSS over many years. Specificity wars, redundancy, a house of cards that can't be fixed. The result is extremely inefficient and error-prone styling that punishes users and developers.

The PWA's CSS is generated on-demand by a JS framework that manages styles and outputs "atomic CSS". The framework can enforce strict constraints and perform optimisations, which is why the CSS is so much smaller and safer. Style conflicts and unbounded CSS growth are avoided.