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Java: Beginner Guide to Stream API

a thread...

 Streams are a way to perform operations on the whole collection of data.

Stream never modifies the source data, it processes it and gives us the result without modifying the original data.
Let's see few popular ways to create stream:

1. Collection. stream()
2. Stream.of(T... values)
3. Arrays. stream()
4. Stream.builder()

Eg:️
Consider stream as a pipeline, where we perform mainly two different operations on the source data:

1. Intermediate Operations(IO)
2. Terminal Operations(TO)

Here's what the stream pipeline looks like:

Source -> Intermediate Operations -> Terminal Operations
Intermediate Operations(IO):

It returns another stream object, after this, we can either call another IO or TO.

Few methods in Stream API for Intermediate operations:
1. filter()
2. map()
3. sorted()

and many more...
Examples:

filter() - filters out the data based on any boolean condition - below we're filtering elements starting with the letter a.

map() - performs some given operation on the whole data set - below we're converting every element to upper case.
Terminal Operations(TO):

It's the last operation done on stream that's why it's called terminal.

This operation returns the final result.

Few methods in Stream API for Terminal operations:
1. collect()
2. count()
3. forEach()

and many more...
Examples:

collect() - collects the elements in the given collection as shown below in the first case it is returning data in the form of a list.

count() - counts the no of the element in the stream and returns in the form of long.
Remember:

A Single pipeline can have multiple Intermediate Operations.

And only a single Terminal Operations.

Eg:
Below, we've used two Intermediate Operations i.e. filter() and map() but only used single Terminal Operation i.e. count().

More from Vikas Rajput

Vikas Rajput
Vikas Rajput
@vikasrajputin
These 5 youtube channels will teach you programming more than a CS degree

🧵👇

1. FreeCodeCamp

https://t.co/RQae8ZU2wx


2. Programming with Mosh

https://t.co/NkaUHP5Waa


3. Derek Banas

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4. Traversy Media

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Vikas Rajput
Vikas Rajput
@vikasrajputin
Java: Acess Modifiers

a thread...

(Cheatsheet Included)

What is an access modifier?

Access Modifiers are a way of providing limited visibility to methods, variables, classes.

Different access modifiers provide different visibility due to which our program because less prone to unwanted changes.

Java has four access modifiers, let's see each one by one

public:
It's the least restrictive access modifier when any class, method, or variable is defined as public then it is accessible from anywhere.

protected:
Protected methods & variables can be accessed within the same package and also accessible to all child classes.

default:
When no access modifier is specified then java treats it as default. With default methods & variables are accessible within the same package.

private:
It's the most restrictive access modifier, when given to any methods & variable it is only accessible within the same class.
ACCESS MODIFIERS
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Vikas Rajput
Vikas Rajput
@vikasrajputin
OOPs Concept in Java

a thread...

OOP Concepts are very common in Software Engineering.

All the OOP languages like Java, Python, C++, .Net, etc. have this concept.

In this thread, we'll try to understand it from Java's standpoint.

There are six different concepts in OOP:

1. Object
2. Class
3. Inheritance
4. Encapsulation
5. Abstraction
6. Polymorphism

Let's understand them one by one...

Object:

Look around you, whatever you see can be considered an Object.

For eg: The chair you are sitting on, the table, your computer, your house, windows, your pet, you yourself!

An object has Behaviour (things it does or performs) and Attributes (things that describe it).

Example:

Note: B = Behavior, A = Attribute

Chair:
B - Moves, Adjust Height, Recline, etc.
A - Built Material, Color, Make & Model, Brand, Price, etc.

You:
B - Eat, Play, Watch Netflix, Sleep, etc.
A - Height, Weight, Age, DOB, Name, SSN, etc.
OOPS
Vikas Rajput
Vikas Rajput
@vikasrajputin
Java: Beginner Guide to Multithreading

a thread...

Multithreading is a concept of applying multitasking in Java.

Java supports thread-based multitasking.

Java program can be divided into several threads and those threads can be executed in parallel to support multi-tasking.

Two ways to create a thread in Java:

1. By Implementing Runnable Interface
2. By extending the Thread class

Let's create a thread by implementing the "Runnable" interface:

Steps:
1. Implement Runnable Interface
2. Override the run() method, and put your code inside it.
3. Pass the instance of your class to the Thread class constructor.
4. Call the start() method to run your thread.


Let's create a thread by extending the "Thread" class:

Steps:
1. Extend your class with Thread class
2. Override the run() method, and put your code inside it.
3. Instantiate your class.
4. Call the start() method to run your thread.
MULTITHREADING
Vikas Rajput
Vikas Rajput
@vikasrajputin
Java: Why do we use getter and setter methods?

a thread...

In Java classes, we normally create the getter and setter methods to read and update class level fields respectively.

Let's find out why do we following this practice.

Consider a class "Account", having fields like accountName and accountBalance - to show the name and balance of the account.

As a common practice, both the variables are private and define the public getter and setter method to read and write their values.

Eg:


Using the above example, let's see different use-cases where having getter and setter methods can be game-changing.

1. Validation:

The public getter and setter method act as a single door to access the private fields.

Before updating the value we can run any validation in the setter method and accordingly allow field modification.

Eg:
GETTERSANDSETTERS

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