BC IMMUNERESPONSE
Saved by @rubic3n

(1/n) The important role of natural killer (NK) cells in COVID-19.
A summary of key insights:
- NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes & part of the innate immune system
- They play an important role in virus infection control & immunomodulation

 (2/n)
- The NK cell proliferation ability declines with age: older people have a decreased ability to produce NC cells rapidly: https://t.co/VZ9PSW5OBU
(3/n)
- As early as June 2020, it was hypothesised that NCCs could be key in explaining severe COVID-19 courses: https://t.co/yJPXeXcku0
(4/n)
- Indeed, it was later found that NK cells from COVID-19 patients do not function well:https://t.co/aEK9KpaA45
(5/n)
- The activity of NK cells is downregulated by the cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)
- Blood serum of patients with severe COVID-19 inhibits NK cell function in a TGFβ-dependent manner: https://t.co/aEK9KpaA45
(6/n)
- An untimely early production of TGFβ and associated NK cell dysfunction is a hallmark of severe COVID-19
- The inhibition of untimely TGFβ production & the promotion of NK cell function may positively affect SARS-CoV-2 control on multiple levels: https://t.co/zjeCnASWhx
(7/n)
- A lower NK cell count in COVID-19 patients has been shown to be correlated with a lower survival rate:https://t.co/EUQkL76GhW
(8/n)
- NK cell dysregulation as a key factor in COVID-19 was also highlighted 1.5 years ago: https://t.co/Dg0KmYT2iS
- “Restoration of NK cell effector functions has the potential to correct the delicate immune balance required to effectively overcome SARS-CoV-2 infection.”
(9/n)
- Vitamin D (our old friend!) also plays a role for the NK cells. Vitamin D deficiency correlates with a reduced number of NK cells in COVID-19 patients: https://t.co/YNrvKIrlgj
(10/n)
- While early NK cell stimulation & IFN-γ production is beneficial to combat infections, excessive & prolonged stimulation of NK cells leads to reduced NK cell numbers & an exhausted phenotype associated with increased systemic inflammation:
https://t.co/vPpfKbntne
(11/n) Phase 1 ⤑ Phase 2
(12/n)
- The vitamins A, B, C, D and E influence NK cell activity:
https://t.co/37ucftVsXp
(13/n) Also phytochemicals haven an effect on NK cell activity:
https://t.co/37ucftVsXp
(14/n) To summarize:
- NK cells play an important role in COVID-19 disease severity and outcomes
- Age, vitamin deficiencies, etc. negatively affect the functioning of NK cells
- Therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 should include support of NK cell function

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