Earth has a fever in more ways than one. Some places averaged + 5-7 °C warmer than normal for the ENTIRE YEAR of 2020.

An enormous area of anomalous warmth plagued Arctic Siberia effectively all year but it was not just the Arctic where we saw record shattering warmth.

THREAD

Another way of looking at it... Very few cold blobs left. La Niña developed and shows up in the Pacific.

The climate is not changing uniformly, the Arctic is warming much faster than the rest of the world.

Data: @CopernicusEU and compares to 1981-2010 average.
JANUARY was joint hottest January globally on record according to NASA GISTEMP v4 (joint record with 2016).

Profound winter warmth for North America plus Europe and Asia.
FEBRUARY was second hottest on record (1st place is still held in 2016).

The winter 'warmth' in Europe and Asia was just insane.
MARCH: A cold Canada, Greenland and Svalbard... but obvious warmth still striking across the continents, particularly northern/central Asia.

This was the second hottest March on record (2016 still holds the record).
APRIL was hottest on record. North America pretty cool, quite impressive actually. But elsewhere...

Heat in the Arctic becoming quite a theme. Stick with me...
MAY... hottest on record for month of May.

Do I need to point out northern parts of Asia any more?

Permafrost thawed and Russia suffered extreme diesel disaster. It began at the end of May. Criminal investigation ongoing: https://t.co/XC74Rx9tev
The Arctic circle broke its all time heat record in JUNE and the globe recorded its hottest month of June on record.

Arctic heat record: Siberian town called Verkhoyansk logged a temperature of 38° Celsius (100.4° Fahrenheit) on 6 June.
JULY was second hottest on record (July 2019 was hotter globally).
AUGUST... 3rd hottest on record.

Siberia and parts of North America really in the furnace, quite literally as wildfire season blazed into unchartered territory.

1,032,648 acres were lost in the August fire complex (Northern California) alone in. Record books were re-written.
SEPTEMBER... hottest on record.

South America stepped into the furnace with the start of one of the most profound/long-lived and widespread heatwaves in Southern Hemisphere history.

Siberia still doing its thing. Greenland turned blue though.
OCTOBER... 5th hottest on record globally.

Arctic sea ice melted to record low extent for month of October and South America and started the month with extreme heat. Eastern Europe/Asia boundary set heat records widespread.

Cool north America and developing La Nina...
NOVEMBER marks the 6th all time monthly heat record in 2020. 2020 now contains at least half the monthly heat records globally.

Arctic looks like it is on fire here. This is not surprising given the lack of sea ice. Textbook Arctic amplification.

Cold in central Asia.
DECEMBER... well... I await official stats for ranking.

Deep cold again in Central Asia but warm pretty much everywhere else. North America, Northern Europe and Africa breaking records.

Stay tuned.
This is not an exhaustive list of records and profound weather/climate events from 2020.

A more organised collection of graphics exists on my instagram: https://t.co/3IOp4bew5f
COVID and politics took centre stage in 2020 for very obvious reasons.

This thread serves as a reminder that the climate has changed and is continuing to change. Changes are not uniform, I hope everyone can see this.

To those who kindly keep pointing out that my previous animations have the world spinning the wrong way.

I have corrected this. Happy new year 👍
We are awaiting official verification as to whether 2020 was the warmest year on record.

Inevitably top 3. Probably at least 2nd. Could be hottest.

JMA preliminary data has 2020 at the top spot.

It is worth noting that some months are warming faster than others too.

Often January, February and March have the largest anomalies, some of which already break the +1.5 °C anomaly (comparing to levels similar to pre-industrial times).
Oh... I nearly forgot.

This might come in useful. Solar and carbon graphs combined with temperature.

https://t.co/yacwcqLhKE

More from Climate change

The UK government's climate advisory body is launching its next carbon budget: basically, outlining what the UK can emit between 2033 and 2037. It's a big deal - launch video starting right now.
Watch along:


Will tweet along snippets. Pretty relevant to...............everything, really. #UKCarbonBudget

"Instead of being just a budget, it's a pathway we have to tread to reach net zero in 2050" @lorddeben

Just like quite a few other modelling exercises, CCC use a spectrum between behaviour change and between technological change. #UKCarbonBudget.

Both = best (just like @AEMO_Media's Step Change scenario in their ISP)


'Balanced' is what they use for their recs. "We're doing 60% of the emissions reductions in the first 15 years, and then 40% in the next".

The slinky kitty curve....good to see. No evidence of delaying action to Dec 29 2049, here. #UKCarbonBudget


"By front loading, we're minimising the UK's contribution to cumulative emissions" - really important point. A slow path to net zero - more climate harm than a fast one. #UKCarbonBudget

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First thread of the year because I have time during MCO. As requested, a thread on the gods and spirits of Malay folk religion. Some are indigenous, some are of Indian origin, some have Islamic


Before I begin, it might be worth explaining the Malay conception of the spirit world. At its deepest level, Malay religious belief is animist. All living beings and even certain objects are said to have a soul. Natural phenomena are either controlled by or personified as spirits

Although these beings had to be respected, not all of them were powerful enough to be considered gods. Offerings would be made to the spirits that had greater influence on human life. Spells and incantations would invoke their


Two known examples of such elemental spirits that had god-like status are Raja Angin (king of the wind) and Mambang Tali Arus (spirit of river currents). There were undoubtedly many more which have been lost to time

Contact with ancient India brought the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism to SEA. What we now call Hinduism similarly developed in India out of native animism and the more formal Vedic tradition. This can be seen in the multitude of sacred animals and location-specific Hindu gods
Fake chats claiming to be from the Irish African community are being disseminated by the far right in order to suggest that violence is imminent from #BLM supporters. This is straight out of the QAnon and Proud Boys playbook. Spread the word. Protest safely. #georgenkencho


There is co-ordination across the far right in Ireland now to stir both left and right in the hopes of creating a race war. Think critically! Fascists see the tragic killing of #georgenkencho, the grief of his community and pending investigation as a flashpoint for action.


Across Telegram, Twitter and Facebook disinformation is being peddled on the back of these tragic events. From false photographs to the tactics ofwhite supremacy, the far right is clumsily trying to drive hate against minority groups and figureheads.


Declan Ganley’s Burkean group and the incel wing of National Party (Gearóid Murphy, Mick O’Keeffe & Co.) as well as all the usuals are concerted in their efforts to demonstrate their white supremacist cred. The quiet parts are today being said out loud.


The best thing you can do is challenge disinformation and report posts where engagement isn’t appropriate. Many of these are blatantly racist posts designed to drive recruitment to NP and other Nationalist groups. By all means protest but stay safe.
A brief analysis and comparison of the CSS for Twitter's PWA vs Twitter's legacy desktop website. The difference is dramatic and I'll touch on some reasons why.

Legacy site *downloads* ~630 KB CSS per theme and writing direction.

6,769 rules
9,252 selectors
16.7k declarations
3,370 unique declarations
44 media queries
36 unique colors
50 unique background colors
46 unique font sizes
39 unique z-indices

https://t.co/qyl4Bt1i5x


PWA *incrementally generates* ~30 KB CSS that handles all themes and writing directions.

735 rules
740 selectors
757 declarations
730 unique declarations
0 media queries
11 unique colors
32 unique background colors
15 unique font sizes
7 unique z-indices

https://t.co/w7oNG5KUkJ


The legacy site's CSS is what happens when hundreds of people directly write CSS over many years. Specificity wars, redundancy, a house of cards that can't be fixed. The result is extremely inefficient and error-prone styling that punishes users and developers.

The PWA's CSS is generated on-demand by a JS framework that manages styles and outputs "atomic CSS". The framework can enforce strict constraints and perform optimisations, which is why the CSS is so much smaller and safer. Style conflicts and unbounded CSS growth are avoided.