ЁЯз╡ NEW: How fair is Britain?

Wealthy families are surprisingly good at hanging onto their riches from generation to generation.

Our bank of mum and dad - one of the most generous in Europe - is making things worse... https://t.co/8PVzDjDw7y" target="_blank">@thetimes

https://t.co/8PVzDjDw7y

A few years ago, researchers @NJCummins @GregoryClarkUCD tracked how the descendants of rich people who died between 1858-1887 got on.

Britain has since gotten more equal. But 5 generations later, those families who were rich in Victorian Britain were still rich in the 2000s!
It's therefore not surprising that the link between your parents' income and yours is strong in Britain, at least compared with other countries

In the Nordic countries, where wealth is distributed more evenly, it's harder to predict what you'll earn by looking at your parents
British families have always been good at passing down wealth.

But today, it matters more, even if millennials won't inherit until they're 61.

Young people are much less wealthy than their parents were at the same age..
How did this happen? Three things stand out..

ЁЯТ░ Final salary pension schemes - many of which are now closed - allowed baby boomers to accumulate huge sums of wealth

ЁЯУИ Stock market performance since the 1980s
ЁЯПб The third is property. Baby boomers bought much earlier than Millennials did.

This meant they were able to benefit from house price growth for longerтАж
тАж and there was *a lot* of house price growth since baby boomers have bought their homes.

British homes have soared in price more than any other G7 nation, thanks partly to tight planning rules
For property purchases in Greater London, the average first-time buyer deposit is now a whopping ┬г125,000

Most people who do buy in the capital, therefore, are turning to their wealthier parents...
The bank of Mum and Dad lends
┬г7.4bn a year to property purchases, making it the tenth-largest lender in Britain.

In fact, we are very unusual in our gift-giving: 20% of ЁЯЗмЁЯЗз under-35s have received a substantial gift, vs 2% of those in ЁЯЗ║ЁЯЗ╕
The trouble is, this isn't really evening out inter-generational inequality.

Research from @ThelFS shows that people on higher incomes are much more likely to receive cash from their family
Actually, as Lord Willets @resfoundation says, inheritance is much more egalitarian than gift giving, namely because home ownership is so high among pensionersтАж

More on what this means in tomorrow's Sunday Times

https://t.co/8PVzDjDw7y

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A brief analysis and comparison of the CSS for Twitter's PWA vs Twitter's legacy desktop website. The difference is dramatic and I'll touch on some reasons why.

Legacy site *downloads* ~630 KB CSS per theme and writing direction.

6,769 rules
9,252 selectors
16.7k declarations
3,370 unique declarations
44 media queries
36 unique colors
50 unique background colors
46 unique font sizes
39 unique z-indices

https://t.co/qyl4Bt1i5x


PWA *incrementally generates* ~30 KB CSS that handles all themes and writing directions.

735 rules
740 selectors
757 declarations
730 unique declarations
0 media queries
11 unique colors
32 unique background colors
15 unique font sizes
7 unique z-indices

https://t.co/w7oNG5KUkJ


The legacy site's CSS is what happens when hundreds of people directly write CSS over many years. Specificity wars, redundancy, a house of cards that can't be fixed. The result is extremely inefficient and error-prone styling that punishes users and developers.

The PWA's CSS is generated on-demand by a JS framework that manages styles and outputs "atomic CSS". The framework can enforce strict constraints and perform optimisations, which is why the CSS is so much smaller and safer. Style conflicts and unbounded CSS growth are avoided.
рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрдк рдЬрд╛рдирддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдХрд┐ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдкрд┐рддреГ рдкрдХреНрд╖ рдореЗрдВ рдХреМрд╡реЗ рдХреЛ рдЦрд╛рдирд╛ рджреЗрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдкреАрдЫреЗ рдХрд╛ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд░рдг!

рд╢реНрд░рд╛рджреНрдз рдкрдХреНрд╖ рдореЗрдВ рдХреМрдУрдВ рдХрд╛ рдмрдбрд╝рд╛ рд╣реА рдорд╣рддреНрд╡ рд╣реИред рдХрд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИ рдХреМрдЖ рдпрдо рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рддреАрдХ рд╣реИ, рдпрджрд┐ рдЖрдкрдХреЗ рд╣рд╛рдереЛрдВ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рднреЛрдЬрди рдЧреНрд░рд╣рдг рдХрд░ рд▓реЗ, рддреЛ рдРрд╕рд╛ рдорд╛рдирд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдкрд┐рддрд░реЛрдВ рдХреА рдХреГрдкрд╛ рдЖрдкрдХреЗ рдКрдкрд░ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рд╡реЗ рдЖрдкрд╕реЗ рдЦрд╝реБрд╢ рд╣реИред


рдХреБрдЫ рд▓реЛрдЧ рдХрд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдХреА рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐ рдорд░рдХрд░ рд╕рдмрд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рдХреМрд╡реЗ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдЬрдиреНрдо рд▓реЗрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдЦрд╛рдирд╛ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рд╡рд╣ рднреЛрдЬрди рдкрд┐рддрд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдорд┐рд▓рддрд╛ рд╣реИ

рд╢рд╛рдпрдж рд╣рдо рд╕рдмрдиреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рдмреБрдЬрд╝реБрд░реНрдЧ, рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдкрдВрдбрд┐рдд рдпрд╛ рдЬреНрдпреЛрддрд┐рд╖рд╛рдЪрд╛рд░реНрдп рд╕реЗ рдпреЗ рд╕реБрдирд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛ред рд╡реЗ рдЕрдирдЧрд┐рдирдд рдХрд┐рд╕реНрд╕реЗ рд╕реБрдирд╛рдПрдВрдЧреЗ, рдХрд╣реЗрдВрдЧреЗ рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рдмреБрдЬрд╝реБрд░реНрдЧ рдХрд╣ рдЧрдП рдЗрд╕реАрд▓рд┐рдП рдРрд╕рд╛ рдХрд░рдирд╛

рд╢рд╛рдпрдж рд╣реА рд╣рдореЗрдВ рдХреЛрдИ рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдкреАрдЫреЗ рдХрд╛ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рдмрддрд╛ рд╕рдХреЗред

рд╣рдорд╛рд░реЗ рдЛрд╖рд┐ рдореБрдирд┐ рдФрд░ рдкреМрд░рд╛рдгрд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд▓ рдореЗрдВ рд░рд╣рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд▓реЛрдЧ рдореБрд░реНрдЦ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдереЗ! рдХрднреА рд╕реЛрдЪрд┐рдпреЗрдЧрд╛ рдХреМрд╡реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдкрд┐рддреГ рдкрдХреНрд╖ рдореЗрдВ рдЦрд┐рд▓рд╛рдИ рдЦреАрд░ рд╣рдорд╛рд░реЗ рдкреВрд░реНрд╡рдЬреЛрдВ рддрдХ рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдкрд╣реБрдВрдЪреЗрдЧреА?

рд╣рдорд╛рд░реЗ рдЛрд╖рд┐ рдореБрдирд┐ рд╡рд┐рджреНрд╡рд╛рди рдереЗ, рд╡реЗ рдЬреЛ рдмрд╛рдд рдХрд░рддреЗ рдпрд╛ рдХрд╣рддреЗ рдереЗ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдкреАрдЫреЗ рдХреЛрдИ рди рдХреЛрдИ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рдЫреБрдкрд╛ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рдерд╛ред

рдПрдХ рдмрд╣реБрдд рд░реЛрдЪрдХ рддрдереНрдп рд╣реИ рдкрд┐рддреГ рдкрдХреНрд╖, рднрд╛рджреЛ( рднрд╛рджреНрд░рдкрдж) рдкреНрд░рдХреГрддрд┐ рдФрд░ рдХрд╛рдХ рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪред

рдПрдХ рдмрд╛рдд рдЬреЛ рдХрд╣ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рдХрд┐ рд╣рдо рд╕рдм рдиреЗ рд╕реНрд╡рддрдГ рдЙрдЧ рдЖрдпреЗ рдкреАрдкрд▓ рдпрд╛ рдмрд░рдЧрдж рдХрд╛ рдкреЗрдбрд╝/ рдкреМрдзрд╛ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рди рдХрд┐рд╕реА рджреАрд╡рд╛рд░, рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреА

рдЗрдорд╛рд░рдд, рдкрд░реНрд╡рдд рдпрд╛ рдЕрдЯреНрдЯрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХрд╛рдУрдВ рдкрд░ рдЬрд╝рд░реВрд░ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛ред рджреЗрдЦрд╛ рд╣реИ рди?

рдЬрд╝рд░рд╛ рд╕реЛрдЪрд┐рдпреЗ рдкреАрдкрд▓ рдпрд╛ рдмрд░рдЧрдж рдХреА рдмреАрдЬ рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдкрд╣реБрдВрдЪреЗ рд╣реЛрдВрдЧреЗ рд╡рд╣рд╛рдБ рддрдХ?┬ардЗрдирдХреЗ рдмреАрдЬ рдЗрддрдиреЗ рд╣рд▓реНрдХреЗ рднреА рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рдХреЗ рд╣рд╡рд╛ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдЙрдбрд╝рд╛рдХреЗ рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХреЗред
I think a plausible explanation is that whatever Corbyn says or does, his critics will denounce - no matter how much hypocrisy it necessitates.


Corbyn opposes the exploitation of foreign sweatshop-workers - Labour MPs complain he's like Nigel

He speaks up in defence of migrants - Labour MPs whinge that he's not listening to the public's very real concerns about immigration:

He's wrong to prioritise Labour Party members over the public:

He's wrong to prioritise the public over Labour Party