When in doubt, read the business again and revisit your thesis notes (checklist in my case)

The Art of asking smart questions | When do you really graduate as an investor?

Time for a thread🧵🧵🧵🧵🧵

Retweet for Max reach!!

You graduate as an investor when you start asking things like the quality of revenue, incremental quality of earnings and the competitive landscape. Eg:- One API player will grow earnings because of shortage in market for those

APIs but the other one which will grow because of being the lowest cost producer. The markets often give higher Valuations to the latter player.

Another example that comes to mind is Balkrishna Industries vs other tyre players.🚜🚜

Given the fact that it is the lowest cost producer and has the highest margins. It always gets a premium to the other players in the tyre space. Whether at peak or at trough.

One more example is that of APL Apollo, same business got low valuations during the last cycle and collapsed by 50%+ when their EBITDA per tonne reduced. In this cycle, the value added proportion has increased.

A detailed blog on Prince Pipes and what makes a Pipe company successful with comparison across the industry: by @badola_arjun

Link to read🔗: https://t.co/N58Fp4pOdL

Out of 17 stocks that I own, I am allowed to go wrong in 2-3 of them. Not going wrong shows that you are not taking enough risks or operating on the edge. Learning from mistakes is the number 1 way to improve as an investor. An excerpt from the annual letter :)

Everything about Free cash Flow Simplified!

What we will talk about in this 🧵🧵:

1⃣What is Free Cash Flow
2⃣How to calculate Free Cash Flow
3⃣Types of Free Cash Flow
4⃣Importance & Limitations of Free Cash Flow

Let's dive in ⤵️⤵️

What is Free Cash Flow?

Free cash flow means the cash that is left over after a company pays for its operating expenses and capital expenditures (Capex) like purchasing new machinery, equipment, land & building, etc. and satisfying all its working capital needs.

In simple words, suppose whatever cash that is left with you after you spend your salary or income is known as Free cash flow that you can use for different purposes.

The more FCF a company has, the better it is. Businesses which generate high FCF can:-

1⃣Give investors higher dividends
2⃣Do share buybacks
3⃣Build a war chest for acquisitions or Capex.
4⃣Reinvest in the business when opportunity arises with lesser dependence on debt.

How to calculate Free Cash Flow👇:

To calculate free cash flow, all you need to do is open the Cash Flow Statement and subtract "Net Capital expenditure" from "net cash from operating activities".

Why Indoco Remedies looks Interesting and why FY22-24 growth is likely to be stellar here?

Time for a thread🧵🧵🧵🧵

(Source for ophthalmics data:Nirmal Bang and rest is own work)

Looking at the incremental opportunity in Ophthalmics:-

Market size is not attractive for the Large Generic companies but for someone like Indoco which has a smalll base in exports business

As per the USFDA’s orange book, for Ophthalmic suspension drugs, only 3 out of 17 molecules have an active patent. Among the 14 molecules that are patent expired, 8 molecules are yet to see generic
competition.

Even for the one’s which have seen generic competition, the competitive intensity is very low and there is space for an additional entrant.. Entrenched players like Novartis, Bausch & Lomb and Abbvie have dominated this market with legacy products for decades.

Indoco Remedies and Sun Pharma are the only Indian generic manufacturers to have successfully won approvals for generic version of Ophthalmic suspensions in the US market. Indoco Remedies has recently launched generic version of Azopt (brinozolamide)