India just passed China as the most populous country in the world. Why?

Because of the biggest accident in history

Look at where people live in India. What's that band up north?

It's the Ganges river basin. It hosts ~half the country's population. It's one of the densest places on Earth. Why?
Because it's one of the most fertile places on Earth.
It's one of the main producers of wheat, peas, potatoes, rice, lentils, eggplant...

And why is it so fertile?
• It's hot (tropical)
• It rains a lot
• It has a many rivers bringing water and irrigation
• The rivers also bring fertilizing silts

Why so much water?
The mountains.

Wind comes from the ocean full of water
It hits the Himalayas
Climbs up
Gets colder
The water condensates and rains down
This is a good depiction of clouds (and their humidity) being stopped by mountains:
https://t.co/GfqQRH8aXr
Here you can see how India (to the left) is much greener than Tibet (right).

You can tell where the mountains stop the water from the wind
In India, this happens across hundreds of kms
And what causes the mountains? The Indo-Australian Tectonic Plate hitting the Eurasian Plate
But why is the Ganges valley so flat when it's just next to the Himalayas, the tallest mountain range in the world?

It's *because* of the Himalayas: They're so heavy that gravity crushes down the region around it! The same thing happens in the Indus valley nearby
Now we know why:
• It's flat
• Humid winds discharge their water there

But hold on, why are there humid winds to begin with?
They're not supposed to be there! Every other part of the world at the same latitude is a desert!

Why is the Sahara a desert but India a garden?
The equator is the warmest part of the world, hit directly by the Sun

Hot air, full of humidity, goes up, hits colder air, water condensates, and rains down.

But air keeps going, and falls down farther north, completely dry. Hence the Sahara.

So why not India?
The monsoon

In Indian summers, winds come from the sea, full of water.

What force pushing the monsoon is so huge that it predominates over the normal circulation of wind on Earth?
The sheer size of the Eurasian Plate being north of the only southern ocean on Earth
In summer, the air above the Indian ocean gets hot and fills with water.

But lands warms up faster than water
Eurasia gets much hotter
Air goes up above it
It creates a vacuum
And the hot, humid water from the Indian ocean invades India
And rains down at the Himalayas
This brings water across all of India, not just the Himalayas, making all of it fertile—even if the Ganges river basin is the most fertile.
In summary, in India:
Fertile soil ➡️ Population
Why?
• Hot (tropical)
• Lots of rain
➡️Rivers➡️irrigation & fertilizer

But ALL these conditions exist thanks to an ancient accident: The Indo-Australian Plate hitting the Eurasian one!
1. In summer, the Eurasian plate heats up north of the Indo-Australian plate (Indian ocean)➡️monsoon
2. These plates hit and create the Himalayas➡️stop the waters and rain it down to the Ganges valley
3. The weight of the Himalayas flattens the Ganges basin➡️best for crops
I hope you enjoyed this thread. If you did, follow for more. I write one of these every week or so.

You can also subscribe to my newsletter. It's free: https://t.co/ky2JevTvio
The 1st map is from @researchremora
I learned from @lewis_dartnell about the flattening of the Ganges due to the weight of the Himalayas

Another crazy river thread if you missed it:
https://t.co/JfPCjyheG8
I go into much more detail in this articles on India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh:
https://t.co/LwGERa0zLy

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🌺श्री गरुड़ पुराण - संक्षिप्त वर्णन🌺

हिन्दु धर्म के 18 पुराणों में से एक गरुड़ पुराण का हिन्दु धर्म में बड़ा महत्व है। गरुड़ पुराण में मृत्यु के बाद सद्गती की व्याख्या मिलती है। इस पुराण के अधिष्ठातृ देव भगवान विष्णु हैं, इसलिए ये वैष्णव पुराण है।


गरुड़ पुराण के अनुसार हमारे कर्मों का फल हमें हमारे जीवन-काल में तो मिलता ही है परंतु मृत्यु के बाद भी अच्छे बुरे कार्यों का उनके अनुसार फल मिलता है। इस कारण इस पुराण में निहित ज्ञान को प्राप्त करने के लिए घर के किसी सदस्य की मृत्यु के बाद का समय निर्धारित किया गया है...

..ताकि उस समय हम जीवन-मरण से जुड़े सभी सत्य जान सकें और मृत्यु के कारण बिछडने वाले सदस्य का दुख कम हो सके।
गरुड़ पुराण में विष्णु की भक्ति व अवतारों का विस्तार से उसी प्रकार वर्णन मिलता है जिस प्रकार भगवत पुराण में।आरम्भ में मनु से सृष्टि की उत्पत्ति,ध्रुव चरित्र की कथा मिलती है।


तदुपरांत सुर्य व चंद्र ग्रहों के मंत्र, शिव-पार्वती मंत्र,इन्द्र सम्बंधित मंत्र,सरस्वती मंत्र और नौ शक्तियों के बारे में विस्तार से बताया गया है।
इस पुराण में उन्नीस हज़ार श्लोक बताए जाते हैं और इसे दो भागों में कहा जाता है।
प्रथम भाग में विष्णुभक्ति और पूजा विधियों का उल्लेख है।

मृत्यु के उपरांत गरुड़ पुराण के श्रवण का प्रावधान है ।
पुराण के द्वितीय भाग में 'प्रेतकल्प' का विस्तार से वर्णन और नरकों में जीव के पड़ने का वृत्तांत मिलता है। मरने के बाद मनुष्य की क्या गति होती है, उसका किस प्रकार की योनियों में जन्म होता है, प्रेत योनि से मुक्ति के उपाय...
1. Mini Thread on Conflicts of Interest involving the authors of the Nature Toilet Paper:
https://t.co/VUYbsKGncx
Kristian G. Andersen
Andrew Rambaut
Ian Lipkin
Edward C. Holmes
Robert F. Garry

2. Thanks to @newboxer007 for forwarding the link to the research by an Australian in Taiwan (not on

3. K.Andersen didn't mention "competing interests"
Only Garry listed Zalgen Labs, which we will look at later.
In acknowledgements, Michael Farzan, Wellcome Trust, NIH, ERC & ARC are mentioned.
Author affiliations listed as usual.
Note the 328 Citations!
https://t.co/nmOeohM89Q


4. Kristian Andersen (1)
Andersen worked with USAMRIID & Fort Detrick scientists on research, with Robert Garry, Jens Kuhn & Sina Bavari among


5. Kristian Andersen (2)
Works at Scripps Research Institute, which WAS in serious financial trouble, haemorrhaging 20 million $ a year.
But just when the first virus cases were emerging, they received great news.
They issued a press release dated November 27, 2019:

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