There are only a handful of investors with high-teen performance over decades.

Walter Schloss is one of them.

He achieved a 20% annualized return over 47 years.

$10,000 would've turned into over $50 million.

Here's how he did that👇🏼

1. Little Background

Walter Schloss learned investing from Benjamin Graham, just like Buffett.

Buffett also mentioned Schloss in many letters and in his article on the Superinvestors of Graham and Doddsville.

Accordingly, Schloss followed a value investing philosophy.
However, like every great investor, he also did things differently than Buffett or other peers.

Today, we will analyze the most critical points and the things that differentiate Schloss.

In the end, there’ll also be an Investing Checklist by him and his son.
2. Correctness of Judgement

More important than the predictions of analysts or experts is your own judgment.

And it’s your responsibility to make sure it’s correct.

Most people fail to test their judgment and decisions regularly.
How you approach upcoming news on your investments is critical for a correct judgment.

Being skeptical is much more helpful than trying to fit news into your thesis.

You shouldn’t need to convince yourself of an investment.

It should be convincing because of the facts.
3. Talking to Management

This is a controversial topic for investors.

Many swear on talking to management to get an idea of how they think and behave.

Schloss rarely talked to management.

He didn’t trust his ability to judge character and therefore avoided these talks.
4. Focus on Numbers

Because he didn't talk to management and invested in very cheap stocks, he focused on numbers.

His favorite metric was book value.

“Asset values fluctuate more slowly than earnings do.”

He preferably bought at 1/2 or 2/3 of book value.
5. Diversification

Buffett and Munger think that diversification is a way to protect against ignorance.

And while many successful investors do have concentrated portfolios, there are exceptions.

Schloss is one of these exceptions.
Because he didn’t dig too deep into the companies, he had to diversify to guard against mistakes.

Peter Lynch did something similar, although he held a lot more stocks.

Schloss kept it in a range of 60-100 stocks.

And he never had positions higher than 10% of the portfolio.
The idea was that the losers get balanced out by the winners.

This worked because he focused on high probability bets with limited downside.
6. Averaging In

Schloss also believed you could not know an investment if you’re watching from the sidelines.

That’s why he established many small positions to observe them.

Over time, he averaged into these positions and built them up.
Besides gaining a feeling for the stock movements, he could also cost average into falling stocks this way.

Once again, this is especially important when investing in unpopular businesses.
7. Math of Investing

Through his investment strategy, he benefited from two simple principles.

1. Losses weigh more than gains.

If you lose 30%, you need to gain more than 30% to get back to zero.

Solution: Focus on the Downside
2. Compound Interest Frequency

By buying and selling undervalued companies, he compounded faster than he would by buying great companies.

Of course, it’s more work to find many undervalued companies, but the higher frequency is very profitable.

Buffett used to do the same.
Here's the promised checklist published in 1994:

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#தினம்_ஒரு_திருவாசகம்
தொல்லை இரும்பிறவிச் சூழும் தளை நீக்கி
அல்லல் அறுத்து ஆனந்தம் ஆக்கியதே – எல்லை
மருவா நெறியளிக்கும் வாதவூர் எங்கோன்
திருவாசகம் என்னும் தேன்

பொருள்:
1.எப்போது ஆரம்பித்தது என அறியப்படமுடியாத தொலை காலமாக (தொல்லை)

2. இருந்து வரும் (இரும்)


3.பிறவிப் பயணத்திலே ஆழ்த்துகின்ற (பிறவி சூழும்)

4.அறியாமையாகிய இடரை (தளை)

5.அகற்றி (நீக்கி),

6.அதன் விளைவால் சுகதுக்கமெனும் துயரங்கள் விலக (அல்லல் அறுத்து),

7.முழுநிறைவாய்த் தன்னுளே இறைவனை உணர்த்துவதே (ஆனந்த மாக்கியதே),

8.பிறந்து இறக்கும் காலவெளிகளில் (எல்லை)

9.பிணைக்காமல் (மருவா)

10.காக்கும் மெய்யறிவினைத் தருகின்ற (நெறியளிக்கும்),

11.என் தலைவனான மாணிக்க வாசகரின் (வாதவூரெங்கோன்)

12.திருவாசகம் எனும் தேன் (திருவா சகமென்னுந் தேன்)

முதல்வரி: பிறவி என்பது முன்வினை விதையால் முளைப்பதோர் பெருமரம். அந்த ‘முன்வினை’ எங்கு ஆரம்பித்தது எனச் சொல்ல இயலாது. ஆனால் ‘அறியாமை’ ஒன்றே ஆசைக்கும்,, அச்சத்துக்கும் காரணம் என்பதால், அவையே வினைகளை விளைவிப்பன என்பதால், தொடர்ந்து வரும் பிறவிகளுக்கு, ‘அறியாமையே’ காரணம்

அறியாமைக்கு ஆரம்பம் கிடையாது. நமக்கு ஒரு பொருளைப் பற்றிய அறிவு எப்போதிருந்து இல்லை? அதைச் சொல்ல முடியாது. அதனாலேதான் முதலடியில், ஆரம்பமில்லாத அஞ்ஞானத்தை பிறவிகளுக்குக் காரணமாகச் சொல்லியது. ஆனால் அறியாமை, அறிவின் எழுச்சியால், அப்போதே முடிந்து விடும்.

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