LESSER KNOWN DETAILS ABOUT THE BATTLE OF PRATAPGAD - THIS YOU ALL SHOULD READ

In the 1659 Adilshah sent Afzalkhan with the army of 75000 soldiers to destroy Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj with his empire. He was the main soldier, warrior and minister in Adilshahi Sultanate.

He was the Subhedar of Wai province.

He was very powerful physically. His height was 7.3 ft. due to same he was very popular as a strong man from Adilshahi Sultanate.

Whole India was not daring to fight with Adilshahi due to Afzal Khan.

Badi Begum Sahiba sent him to kill Chhatrapati Shivaji on any cost.

Voluntary he decided to destroy Chhatrapati Shivaji’s empire with him. He started his operation against Chhatrapati Shivaji from "wai". He destroyed many temples like as Tulja Bhavani Temple.

He destroyed so many villages, killed villagers to torture Chhatrapati Shivaji.

DETAILED VIEW- Running commentary

1. Chhatrapati Shivaji chose Pantaji as a lawyer to communicate with Afzal Khan. Pantaji was very sharp minded, who did his job very nicely.

2. He presented Chhatrapati Shivaji is fearing Afzal Khan and he wanted to invite him in his kingdom near Pratapgad.

3. Pantaji succeed in the communication with Afzal Khan and he brought him as per the planning of Chhatrapati Shivaji.

EVOLUTION OF CROWNS

The ancient Indian kings called a head crown as a Mukut and it would mostly constitute of a golden ornamental headgear like an oval cap with gems.

Sometimes it would also include a halo circle to show the divinity of the king

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As it was considered that kings were appointment by the gods themselves. Example the kings of mewar considered themselves to be the ‘Diwan of eklingji')

But in most cases very few Mukut with halo effect have been found.

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Samudragupta in the gupta era coin. You can see the helmet like headwear on him.

Till gupta era the solid golden head wear was used in most days of the monarch.

But since the onset of 8th century it reduced in usage and was now used only as a ceremonial headwear.

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Whereas earlier the Maharaja had to wear the mukut whenever his court was in session.

Still mukut was being used prominently for ceremonial activities till recent times.

Maharaj Dahir of Sindh👇

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But as times past the style of headwear also changed.

The kings mostly wore turbans ordained with pearls and gems while rarely anyone wore a true Mukut after 16th century.

Portrait of Sri Krishna Dev Raya👇

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THE LAST STAND OF PAVAN KHIND - THE 300 BATTLE OF INDIA

A long🧵that u must read

In desperate times, great men come forth. Those men who are ready to sacrifice all of their lives work for a single cause.

Baji Prabhu Deshpande is one such man.

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Battle was between the Maratha Warrior Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Sidi Masoud of Adil Shahi Sultanate.

In 1660, the Maratha King Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji was trapped in the fort of Panhala, under siege and vastly outnumbered by an Adilshahis army led by Sidi Masoud.

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And while everyone is thinking that finally the Maratha king will be subdued, Shivaji planned to escape to the fort of Vishalgadh. It was administered by a Maratha chieftain named Range Narayan Orpe under Shivaji.

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For months the siege warfare continued as Shivaji made sure that the food source of the Besieging army drops down, due to which they will initiate a general assault on the castle.

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Shivaji, Baji Prabhu, and around 600 of their best troops, hardened mountaineers of the Maval region, would dash through the Adilshahis force at night.

A man named Shiva Kashid, who resembled Shivaji in appearance, had volunteered to dress like the king and get captured.

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MINUTE DETAILS ABOUT THE ATTACK ON SHAISTA KHAN AT LAL MAHAL

Remarkable Commando op

A long 🧵 but worth your time

Aurangzeb sent his maternal uncle Shaista Khan with powerful army over 1,50,000 on the request of Badibegum Sahiba, Adilshahi sultanate

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Shaista Khan entered Deccan to kill Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj & to destroy his empire. Shahista Khan captured a lot of province and fort of Chakan near Pune.

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Till 3 years he gave lot of troubles to the subjects of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and he personally made Lal Mahal his destination to live at , which was the property of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj . Lal Mahal, where Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj spent his childhood.

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1. In the April 1663 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj personally made a surprise attack on Shahista Khan in the Lal Mahal Pune.

2. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj attacked with 300 soldiers at the midnight while Lal Mahal had strong security of 1.5 lac soldiers for Shahista Khan.

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3. He entered in Pune, he made a drama of wedding ceremony to enter in Pune near Lal Mahal.

4. During the night they made big hole at the wall of Lal Mahal and entered into the palace.

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UNTOLD STORY OF QUEEN BHAVASHANKARI OF BENGAL - A 🧵u must read

Know the role of Naga Sadhus

PART-1

One of the most underrated empires to ever grace India is the kingdom of Bhurshut from central Bengal.

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A medieval powerhouse this kingdom stood firm against the Pathan invasion from Orissa twice, and with each time devastating the enemy forces.

Along with this, we also have to note that this was the time when the empire was under the reign of a widowed queen named Bhavashankari.

She wasn’t even born in a royal family and yet she achieved what most of the kings couldn’t do

This begs the question, why does no one remember this great kingdom?

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Bhurshut empire thrived from 15th century till late 18th century as an independent kingdom while acting as tributary state with full autonomy.

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What’s even more puzzling is that no one knows about the great queen Bhavanshakari who thrashed the Pathans single handedly without the aid of their allies.

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ECONOMIC DESTRUCTION OF INDIA UNDER THE BRITISH RULE

A 🧵

In 1800 CE, India amounted to a whopping 20% of the total world manufacturing output!

But more importantly the balance of trade went into the Indian economy in the form of goods in

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exchange or bullion and helped Indian people’s standard of living. It had second most powerful economy, the wages and productivity throughout all the sections of society were high. It had a simple, inexpensive education system suited for its needs.

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But, by the year 1900 , India had become synonymous with poverty, its exports accounted for mere 1.7% of the total world trade , and more than 30 million (more than 10 % of India's population) died of starvation in the British rule.

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After 1818 when British became the major power in India Indian manufacturing output rapidly declined while British
increased.

See the attached image of table given by Paul Kennedy in his book ‘The Rise and Fall of Great Powers’

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During the same period per capita levels of industrialization (relative to UK in 1900 =
100 scale) is given by Paul Kennedy in the following table.

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HOW MANY OF U KNOW TODAY IS FOUNDERS DAY OF GITA PRESS GORAKHPUR ?

Today it completes 98 yrs

Let's look back to it's history

A 🧵 written a long ago by @BharadwajSpeaks

Gita Press was established in 1923 by JD Goyanka. Hanuman Prasad Poddar was its founding editor.

Its first journal Kalyan was published in 1927. Unless other publications, Gita Press publishes its books at a very reasonable price. For example, a Bhagavad Gita can be procured at Rs.30. A copy of Hanuman Chalisa cost just Rs. 2 (50 lakh copies printed every year).

But why? Why does Gita Press publish excellent books at such a minimum token price which inevitably equals or exceeds the creation cost? The answer to this question is that Gita Press was not founded to be a profit making enterprise.

Its goals were something very different, Gita Press was founded at a time when Christian Missionaries were making rapid progress in converting Hindus. They were making all out attacks on Hinduism. Missionaries used to distribute copies of Bible to anyone who

shows slightest inclination to accept it.

Bibles were flowing By contrast, except for a few Pandits who were specialists in the field, an ordinary Hindu did not have any printed copy of any of his books. Ordinary Hindu did not have any good knowledge of his own Dharma’s books.

जनपदोध्वंस (Pandemic).

धर्म एव हतो हन्ति (जो पुरूष धर्म का नाश करता है, उसी का नाश धर्म कर देता है)

Why do we always have to learn it the hard way?

Charak Samhita (of Ayurveda) has a whole chapter on जनपदोध्वंस (pandemic).

Shloka 3.6 describes the cause of जनपदोध्वंस as अधर्मः (Adharma). It says where basic elements like earth, water, air are polluted, seasons do not follow the correct timings, living beings are killed mercilessly, good conduct has vanished, where there’s exploitation of forces of

nature, where this is curse (because of agony of living beings) जनपदोध्वंस is inevitable.

We are satisfying not one but all the conditions. Ground-water, crops-land, rivers, air we breath everything is polluted. Climate change is prevalent because of green house gases.

Animals are reproduced artificially and killed in millions every day and that too with the most cruel way possible.

Towards the end of the story of Mahabharata (महाभारत), Veda Vyasa (व्यास) through the five slokas known as the "Bharatasavitri" (भारत सवीत्री) emphasizes

as to how important the quality of righteousness is to both the human life and the society and that if righteousness is abandoned and unrighteousness supported, not only is the entire clan ruined but it also causes a great deal of harm to the society.

PYTHAGORAS: AN AMBASSADOR OF HINDUISM TO THE WEST

A 🧵

History of knowledge in Europe starts with Pythagoras. Pythagoras, in the 6th century BC was the first European(Greek) who brought Indian knowledge and mathematics to Greece in an organised way.

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Pythagoras was born around 560 BC, on Samos an island not far from the coast of the Asia Minor . His life history was recorded from oral traditions a couple of centuries after his death, and even that information has survived only in fragments.

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After studying the very best available in his country (music and gymnastics) he set out for more. He went to Egypt which had already received Indian Geometry through its contact .

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With Indians as well as with Indo-Iranians and had then scholars teaching geometry and a bit of astrology. During his stay in Egypt, Egypt was invaded by Iran and he was brought to Iran as a captive , where he stayed at Babylon and other cities.

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Babylon was no more a Semitic city by that time, and it had been thoroughly Indo-Iranized in language, religion and knowledge at least a century earlier, when the Medes and the Persians thoroughly overran the country of Babylon, and it was now a part of Persian
Empire

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Remembering the only 5-star general of IAF - Marshal of the 🇮🇳Air Force (MIAF) Arjan Singh on his birth anniversary 🙏

Born on April 15, 1919, in Lyallpur, Punjab, MIAF Arjan Singh was the only Indian Air Force (IAF) officer to be promoted to 5-star rank

On 15 Aug 1947, he had the unique honour of leading the flypast of over a hundred IAF aircraft over the Red Fort.

Over the years, he was promoted to Wing Commander, Air Commodore and Air Vice Marshal. During this time, Arjan Singh displayed great commitment in his work.

Arjan Singh’s crucial testing time came in 1965 when the Indian subcontinent was plunged into war.

When Pakistan declared the launch of Operation Grand Slam, Arjan Singh was called into the Defense Minister’s office, where he was requested to provide air support.

He promised the Defense Minister that he would get the forces ready in an hour and true to his word, he attacked the Pakistani forces in an hour.

Arjan Singh thwarted Ayub Khan’s plans to capture Kashmir by leading the Air Force with great valor and confidence.

In fact, Arjan Singh became the first Air Chief Marshal of the IAF. In 2002, Arjan Singh was awarded the rank of the Marshal of the Air Force by the Indian government, making him the first and the only five-star rank officer in the Indian Air Force.

THE DULL PRINCE- A SHORT STORY WHICH YOU ALL SHOULD READ

#storytimethread

Once, the king was in the forest with his four sons on a hunt. The king was an ace shooter. Arrows flew from his bow like bolts of lightning, and they hardly missed their mark.

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The first three princes were as good as their father.
But it was quite different with the youngest prince.

He did not share their enthusiasm for hunting.

In the evening, the king relaxed and took stock of his sons’ achievements.

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He was proud of his eldest son, quite happy with the next two sons, but disappointed with the fourth.

“I am ashamed of him,” he murmured.**

The king bade the members of his party to proceed to the palace, carrying their game with them.

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He wanted to spend some time in the company of a hermit who lived in the forest. A little after sunset, the king and his sons reached the hermit’s dwelling.

The hermit’s disciples entertained the royal party. Soon, the king was alone with the hermit.

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“Why do you look so pensive, dear king?” asked the hermit.

“Well,” answered the king, “I ‘m worried about my youngest son.

He is so dull!

I wonder what I’m going to do with a good-for-nothing boy like him.”

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A KASHMIRI HINDU KING WHO BURSTED THE MYTH THAT INDIANS WERE NEVER ABLE TO CAPTURE ANY FOREIGN LANDS

Indian History is distorted to the level that most of us have not heard of him.

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Lalitaditya was the most powerful ruler of the Karkota dynasty of Kashmir. He ruled for 37 years from 724 to 761 CE. Due to his conquests, scholars have called him Alexander of Kashmir.

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Laliataditya’s Indian Conquests

According to renowned historian, R. C. Majumdar’s ‘Ancient India’, Lalitaditya first faced Yashovarman, who was the successor of the famous ruler of the Pushyabhuti dynasty, Harshavardana.

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He attacked Yashovarman’s kingdom, Antarvedi, whose capital was Kanyakubja (Modern day Kanauj in UP) located between the Yamuna river and the Kalika river, and compelled him to sign a peace treaty after a long and intense war famously known as

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“The Treaty of Yashovarman and Lalitaditya “. After consolidating power in Kanyakubja, Lalitaditya proceeded to the East reaching Kalinga (modern day Odisha) and Gauda (Bengal).

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WHY DID THE GUPTA EMPIRE FALL ?

A🧵

There are many reasons for the fall of Gupta rule in India.

One of the most prominent answer is due to a series of invasions carried out by the Hepthalites and later the alchon huns.

Guptas at their maximum extent 👇

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During the reign of Skandagupta (who is considered the last great king of Gupta dynasty).

He is most famously remembered for his defense of the empire during the Hepthalite invasion of India.

Gupta light Skirmishers 👇

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You have to know that the Hepthalites were no easy EMPIRE. They had defeated the Persian empire of the Sassanian dynasty multiple times and at one point even took their king at ransom.

Hepthalite empire 👇

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So you can see how strong the Hepthalites really were. Skandagupta’s defence is a remarkable feat of achievement but it drained the empire's coffers.

After the Skandagupta mostly later Gupta kings took control but many were considered drastically weak.

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And then again as the empire was reeling in, the alchon huns came to destroy it.

Once the again the king marched their armies and Bhanugupta defeated the Hunnic King Toramana.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MUGHALS SULTAN- DHAVA AND MARATHAS GANIMI KAWA

A 🧵u must read

Sultan Dhava is a word for large scale battle

Here two armies will meet each other at a point prior to the battle with a huge manpower.

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There will be battles at daybreak, rest in night, and the entire battle field will be felt like a game of chess between the opposing armies.

Here one unit attacks other unit and only strategy and numbers matter. Along with other factors such as technology.

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These kinds of battle are great if two empires are similar in size or there is a seige battle on land forts and castles. ( but, it's not suitable for seiges if the castles are on hills or near water bodies, example failed seige of Ramsej)

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All this is very dependent on logistics and strategy which is time consuming but very effective.

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GANIMI KAVA - guerrilla warfare

Used initially by Maharana Pratap to recover his kingdom .

While in full scale battle the military would have state of the art armour and weapons, the guerrilla force has what's most easy to make yet effective like simple lightweight swords .

SOME UNKNOWN PEOPLE OF INDIA - PART 1

Bipin Ganatara - Fire Chaser

Meet Bipin Ganatara, a volunteer fireman from kolkata, also called the Fire Chaser.

A humble man of around 64 years, who is a small time electrician , Bipin lives in a one room accommodation in Kolkata.

He is not a professional fireman, but has been instrumental in saving hundreds of lives in fire accidents in the city of Kolkata.

When Bipin was 12 years old, his elder brother Narendra died in a fire accident. This tragedy shocked him completely. He had to drop out of school.

And compelled to do some odd jobs. Whenever he use to see a fire engine nearby, he would chase it and reach the spot of fire and would see the firemen working.

Since five decades, he has been helping firemen in saving people involved in fire, removing the dead from debris and even cleaning the debris. Fire department of the city had offered him job many times but he is willing to serve voluntarily.

He relies on TV and radio news or information from his friends. As soon as he gets news, he rings up the fire department and reaches there himself in his old fire boots and yellow helmet donated by someone. Even fire people trust him and take his help .

ANANT PAI - THE MAN BEHIND AMAR CHITRA KATHA

A 🧵

In 1967, Anant Pai and his wife, who were visiting New Delhi, were at a bookstore in the city. The TV at the store was playing a quiz featuring some students from St Stephen’s College and

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Pai was disappointed when the participants couldn’t name the mother of Hindu god Ram. His disappointment only increased when one of them answered a toughie about a Greek god. And that was the moment Amar Chitra Katha (ACK) was born.

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Pai thought it was a shame that the youth of the time had little knowledge of Indian stories and tales. He mulled over the idea of using comic books to teach what he deemed “Indian values and themes”, and took the idea to H.G. Mirchandani, then the publishing director at

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publishing firm India Book House (IBH).
Pai was hired as the editor of this new series, which he called “Amar Chitra Katha”. The idea was simple. “Bharat ke bachche agar sapne dekhein to Bharat ke sapne dekhein (If the children of India dream, let them dream of India)

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Every month, Uncle Pai & his team would take up a certain theme or character from Indian epics and go through hundreds of relevant material including ancient scriptures, palm leaf manuscripts, poetry, folk-tales, etc, to collect as much genuine information as possible, and

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VEDAS AS BASIS FOR SCIENCE -

A 🧵 u must read

The word Veda means knowledge and are the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism. The Vedas are also called Sruti meaning that was heard and revealed to the Seers and ascetics.

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UPAVEDAS

1. Artha-Veda-dealing with statecraft
2. Ayur-Veda- concerns medicine & health
3. Dhanur-Veda- discusses military science
4. Gandhrva-Veda- unfolds music and arts
5. Sthapatya-Veda- explains architecture

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1. ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT IN THE VEDAS

The science of Vasthu Satra, which concerns with the layouts and the direction of building architecture and is hot current topic the world over, is traceable to at least the year 3000BC in the Vedas.

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The Gumbaz found on the mosques all over the world actually originated as the interlocking dome in the Stupa of the Buddhist architectural tradition in India.

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The building of huge structures without the use of any modern equipments actually tell the story of advanced feat in construction practices.

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@marwari_heart Thanks Sir 🙏 , kindly visit this blog by @Tarang60301263 to know more abt different battles of Bharat

WAS THERE EVER AN ARYAN INVASION ?

A long 🧵but must read

One of the major reasons why a consideration of the idea of an Aryan invasion into India is prevalent among some Western researchers is because of their misinterpretation of the Vedas,

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deliberate or otherwise, that suggests the Aryans were a nomadic people. One such misinterpretation is from the Rig-veda, which describes the battle between Sudas and the ten kings.

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The battle of the ten kings included the Pakthas, Bhalanas, Alinas, Shivas, Vishanins, Shimyus, Bhrigus, Druhyas,
Prithus, and Parshus, who fought against the Tritsus. The Prithus or Parthavas became the Parthians of latter-day Iran (247 B.C.B224 A.D.).

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The Parshus or Pashavas became the latter-day Persian

Western scholars could and did easily misinterpret this to mean an invasion of nomadic people called Aryans rather than simply a war in which the superior Aryan kings reestablished the spiritual values and the

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Vedic Aryan way of life.

Aryan invasion theory was hypothesized in the nineteenth century to explain the similarities found in Sanskrit and the languages of Europe. One person who reported
about this is Deen Chandora in his article, Distorted Historical Events and

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